Although it is well-known that administration of social security is
a sensitive political issue, the great variety of this type of
administration makes it difficult for researchers to seek
meaningful patterns that can lead to useful knowledge. Fortunately,
this book takes an important step in the approach to the problem.
Its focus is on the role of non-public actors - primarily social
partners (employers' organizations and trade unions), employers,
and private bodies (e.g., insurance companies and funds) - in
determining the content, decision-making, and supervision of social
security schemes. The editors asked a group of well-qualified
researchers from countries of varying types of social security and
welfare systems to describe and analyse the role of non-public
actors in their national systems from a comparative point of view.
The countries covered are Germany, France, Finland, the
Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom, Czech Republic,
Spain, and the United States. Administration of benefits for old
age, sickness and disability, unemployment, and health care is
studied, with an overall interest in the relationships between the
involvement of non-public actors, the state, and the insured or
covered persons. The pattern that appears sheds new light on such
elements as the following:;factors that influence whether
non-public actors have a role in the organization of a social
security system at what level involvement of non-public actors
takes place; prevailing views on, and experiences of, their roles;
the impact of their roles (or lack thereof) on the system, in terms
of distribution of responsibilities, participation of the insured
and covered persons, and access to benefits; who pays for the
scheme; who decides to whom the scheme applies; and who takes
decisions on benefits in individual cases.;;;;;; The ten country
chapters are bookended by introductory and concluding essays that
assess such underlying issues as transparency, the goals of the
various interest groups, distribution of tasks, issues of
democracy, and the degree of control by public bodies. In the last
chapter a framework emerges that is helpful for explaining some of
the developments noted in the country reports, and that should also
prove useful for countries when considering changes in their own
systems. The study clearly reveals problems that occur in social
security administrations and choices countries can make in
realizing their social security objectives.
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