Outsourcing the Polity offers a new account of social outsourcing
in post-independence Myanmar, demonstrating how the bankrupt
post-socialist junta mediated market reform in the 1990s and 2000s
and forced private and non-state actors to take the burden for
social welfare. Informed by research during Myanmar's decade of
partial civilian rule (2011–2021), Gerard McCarthy examines how
ideals and practices of non-state welfare can both sustain
democratic resistance and undermine social reform over time. Rather
than expand government-led social action funded by direct taxation,
grassroots activists and democratic leaders after 2011 variously
framed government social action as ineffective, undesirable, and
even corrosive of civic norms. They instead encouraged citizens to
be "self-reliant" and support each other, including during
disasters. Powerful tycoons filled the social gap, using public
philanthropy to remake their reputations and to defend their
ongoing expropriation of land and state assets from potential
democratic redistribution. With non-state social actors more
important than ever following Myanmar's return to dictatorship in
2021, Outsourcing the Polity casts new light on the lasting
legacies of outsourcing for distributive politics.
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