The revival of ideology, which began early in the second half of
the last century, has led to reconsideration of the following
questions: What underlies the pattern of the rise and decline of
the ideological mode of thought? What leads young intellectuals to
search for an ideology? What accounts for the changes in
ideological fashion over time and nation, and shifts from one set
of philosophical tenets to another? Who indeed are the
""intellectuals?"" Studies of ideology have tended to range
themselves for or against particular viewpoints, or have concerned
themselves with defining perspectives. The purpose of this book is
to examine the common causal patterns in the development of various
differing ideologies. Feuer finds that any ideology may be said to
be composed of three ingredients: The most basic and invariant is
some form of Mosaic myth. Every ideology also has its
characteristic philosophical tenets spreading from left to right,
which conform to the cycle of ideas; and, finally, an ideology must
be taken up by some section of the population who can translate it
into action. Intellectuals in generational revolt find in some
version of the ideological myth a charter and dramatization of
their emotions, aims, and actions. Since each generation of
intellectuals tends to reject its predecessors' doctrines, a law of
intellectual fashion arises the alternation of philosophical
doctrines. Ideology has inevitably made for an authoritarian
presumption on the part of master-intellectuals and marginal ones
and assumes their antagonism to objective truth and science. It is
Feuer's contention that only when intellectuals abandon ideology in
favor of science or scholarship will an unfortunate chapter in the
history of human unreasonbe overcome.
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