The international intervention after the 2011 Libyan uprising
against Muammar Gaddafi was initially considered a remarkable
success: the UN Security Council's first application of the
'responsibility to protect' doctrine; an impending civilian
massacre prevented; and an opportunity for democratic forces to
lead Libya out of a forty-year dictatorship. But such optimism was
soon dashed. Successive governments failed to establish authority
over the ever-proliferating armed groups; divisions among regions
and cities, Islamists and others, split the country into rival
administrations and exploded into civil war; external intervention
escalated. Ian Martin gives his first-hand view of the questions
raised by the international engagement. Was it a justified response
to the threat against civilians? What brought about the Security
Council resolutions, including authorising military action? How did
NATO act upon that authorisation? What role did Special Forces
operations play in the rebels' victory? Was a peaceful political
settlement ever possible? What post-conflict planning was
undertaken, and should or could there have been a major
peacekeeping or stabilisation mission during the transition? Was
the first election held too soon? As Western interventions are
reassessed and Libya continues to struggle for stability, this is a
unique account of a critical period, by a senior international
official who was close to the events.
General
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