David Mayhew's 1974 thesis on the "electoral connection" and its
impact on legislative behavior is the theoretical foundation for
research on the modern U.S. Congress. Mayhew contends that once in
office, legislators pursue the actions that put them in the best
position for reelection. The electoral connection is a post-World
War II phenomenon, but legislative scholars now suggest that
Mayhew's argument applies to earlier congressional eras. To assess
these claims, Carson and Sievert investigate whether earlier
legislators were motivated by the same factors that influence their
behavior today, especially in pursuit of reelection. They examine
how electoral incentives shape legislative behavior throughout the
nineteenth century by looking at patterns of turnover in Congress;
the re-nomination of candidates; the roles of parties in recruiting
candidates, and by extension their broader effects on candidate
competition; and, finally by examining legislators' accountability.
The results have wide-ranging implications for the evolution of
Congress and the development of various legislative institutions
over time.
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