Introduction Facing Long Island Sound for practically all of its
hundred miles of southern border, Connecticut shows a succession of
low, rocky promontories and sandy beaches divided by shallow bays
znd salt marshes. The Iatter stretch for varying distances
northward, but soon give place to rather broad stream valleys,
separated by gently rising hills. These hills, usually low and
rounded at the coast, when not dikes or sheets of trap, as near New
Haven, become rapidly more mountainous in the northwestern part of
the state, culminating in Bear Mountain in the extreme corner,
2,354 feet in altitude and sixty miles from the Sound. The soil of
these hills is usually poor and shallow, while that of many of the
valleys is deep and rich, so that, while the Low- lands are weH
cultivated and thickly settled, the uplands are generally left to
brush land or forest From this configuntion it will be evident that
most of the streams are short and flow in a south- erly direction.
Three main river courses cross the state - the Thames on the east,
which for its Iow, er quarter is practically an arm of the sea, and
above that hardly more than a small stream the Connecticut, which
passes through the center, in a broad and fertile valley in its
upper course, and in a narrow valley h em4 in by highlands below
Portland and the Housatonic in the western part, with a narrow and
much more mountainous valley. Apparently the Connecticut and upper
Housatonic valleys and the south- ern coast line are highways for
the migration of our birds in spring, and the coast line certainly
is in fall, but our information on this point is at present very
incomplete. The woodland consists chiefly of deciduous trees,
thoughhemlocks and cedars are common, and groves of white pine and
spruce still exist in the northwestern portion. Shut off from the
ocean by Long Island, strictly pelagic birds are seldom found in
Connecticut, but for many other species it is particularly fitted
as regards dirnate and topography. Bull, species nest more or less
relarly within its borders, and it is probable there are few
localities in our country where so many can be found within so
circumscribed an area. Almost the entire state lies in the
Alleghenian Zone, where such birds as the Ruffed Grouse,
Red-shouldered Barvk, Kingbird, Least Flycatcher, Bobolink,
Baltimore Oriole, Goldfinch, Towhee, Indigo Bunting, Scarlet
Tanager, Red-eyed, and Warbling Vireos, Black and White, Yellow,
and Chestnut-sided Warblers, Catbird, Brown Thrasher, Chickadee,
Wood, and Wilsons Thrushes, nest abundantly...
General
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