What are the relative merits of the American and European
socioeconomic systems? Long-standing debates have heated up in
recent years with the expansion of the European Union and
increasingly sharp political and cultural differences between the
United States and Europe. In Inequality and Prosperity, Jonas
Pontusson provides a comparative overview of the two major models
of labor markets and welfare systems in the advanced industrial
world: the "liberal capitalist" system of the United States and
Britain and the "social market" capitalism of northern Europe.
These two models balance concerns of efficiency and equity in
fundamentally different ways. In the 1990s the much-heralded forces
of globalization (together with demographic changes and attendant
political pressures) seemed to threaten the very existence of the
social-market economies of Europe. Were the social compacts of
Sweden and Germany outmoded? Would varieties of capitalism remain
possible, or were labor-market and social-welfare arrangements
converging on the U.S. norm? Pontusson opposes the notion of
inevitable convergence: he believes that social-market economies
can survive and indeed flourish in the contemporary world economy.
He bases his argument on an enormous amount of highly specialized
research on eighteen countries, using national-level data for the
last thirty years. Among the areas he explores are labor-market
dynamics, income distribution, employment performance, wage
bargaining, firm-level performance, and the changing possibilities
for the welfare state.
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