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The Democratic Foundations of Policy Diffusion - How Health, Family, and Employment Laws Spread Across Countries (Hardcover)
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The Democratic Foundations of Policy Diffusion - How Health, Family, and Employment Laws Spread Across Countries (Hardcover)
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Why do law reforms spread around the world in waves? In the
dominant account of diffusion through technocracy, international
networks of elites develop orthodox policy solutions and transplant
these across countries without regard for the wishes of ordinary
citizens. But this account overlooks a critical factor: in
democracies, reforms must win the support of politicians, voters,
and interest groups. This book claims that laws spread across
countries in very public and politicized ways, and develops a
theory of diffusion through democracy. I argue that politicians
choose to follow certain international models to win domestic
elections, and to persuade skeptical voters that their ideas are
not radical, ill-thought-out experiments, but mainstream,
tried-and-true solutions. This book shows how international models
generated domestic support for health, family, and employment law
reforms across rich democracies. Information that international
organizations have endorsed certain reforms or that foreign
countries have adopted them is valuable to voters. Public opinion
experiments show that even Americans respond positively to this
information. Case studies of election campaigns and legislative
debates demonstrate that politicians with diverse ideologies
reference international models strategically, and focus on the few
international organizations and countries familiar to voters. Data
on policy adoption from many rich democracies document that
governments follow international organization templates and imitate
the policy choices of countries heavily covered in national media
and familiar to voters. Benchmarks from Abroad provides a direct
defense to a major criticism international organizations and
networks face: that they conflict with domestic democracy. Even
presumptively weak international efforts, such as the development
of soft law and best practices, can increase voter support for
major reforms. Instead, international and European Union
negotiations to establish binding legal obligations can be costly
and protracted, resulting in "too little, too late. " However, the
book also explains how electoral calculations do not favor the
spread of successful policies that happen to originate in small and
remote states.
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