In most countries, the development of environmental programs
follows a similar pattern. Early efforts concentrate on direct
threats to public health, such as contaminated drinking water and
air pollution. Only after these problems are addressed does the
need to improve day-to-day management of hazardous wastes reach the
top of the environmental agenda.
In this new report, RFF's Katherine Probst and Thomas Beierle
compare the development of hazardous waste management programs in
eight countries -- the United States, Canada, Germany, Denmark,
Indonesia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Thailand -- and discuss steps
taken to foster proper hazardous waste management. The authors
focus on two questions: What were the major steps in the evolution
of a successful hazardous waste program? What role, if any, did the
public sector play in financing modern treatment and disposal
facilities?
Fundamentally, an effective hazardous waste management program
must change the behavior of organizations (both public and private)
that generate and manage hazardous wastes. To achieve this, there
must be an effective regulatory program and facilities for adequate
treatment, storage, and disposal. The authors argue that it is
essential to develop a "culture of compliance,"where proper waste
management in modern facilities is the norm. They conclude that a
successful hazardous waste management program takes 10-15 years to
develop, even in countries with strong regulatory and enforcement
regimes. The authors also conclude that public sector financing and
subsidies are important policy tools for bringing facilities
on-line and for creating incentives for waste generators to manage
their wastes responsibly.
Thestudy is based on interviews and secondary sources. The
report includes country-specific profiles that detail the key steps
in the evolution of each country's hazardous waste management
program. The profiles also describe the role of the public sector
in facility financing.
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