How to interpret meteorological measurements made at a given
level over a surface with regard to characteristic properties such
as roughness, albedo, heat, moisture, carbon dioxide, and other
gases is an old question which goes back to the very beginnings of
modern micrometeorology. It is made even more challenging when it
is unclear whether these measurements are only valid for this
point/region and precisely describe the conditions there, or if
they are also influenced by surrounding areas. After 50 years of
field experiments, it has become both apparent and problematic that
meteorological measurements are influenced from surfaces on the
windward side. As such, extending these measurements for
inhomogeneous experimental sites requires a quantitative
understanding of these influences. When combined with atmospheric
transport models similar to air pollution models, the footprint
concept a fundamental approach introduced roughly 20 years ago
provides us with information on whether or not the condition of
upwind site homogeneity is fulfilled. Since these first models, the
development of more scientifically based versions, validation
experiments and applications has advanced rapidly. The aim of this
book is to provide an overview of these developments, to analyze
present deficits, to describe applications and to advance this
topic at the forefront of micrometeorological research.
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