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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Ethics & moral philosophy
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Persons, Interests, and Justice (Paperback)
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Persons, Interests, and Justice (Paperback)
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In our lives, we aim to achieve welfare for ourselves, that is, to
live good lives. But we also have another, more impartial
perspective, where we aim to balance our concern for our own
welfare against a concern for the welfare of others. This is a
perspective of justice. Nils Holtug examines these two perspectives
and the relations between them.
The first part of the book is concerned with prudence; more
precisely, with what the necessary and sufficient conditions are
for having a self-interest in a particular benefit. It includes
discussions of the extent to which self-interest depends on
preferences, personal identity, and what matters in survival. It
also considers the issue of whether it can benefit (or harm) a
person to come into existence and what the implications are for our
theory of self-interest. A 'prudential view' is defended, according
to which a person has a present self-interest in a future benefit
if and only if she stands in a relation of continuous physical
realization of (appropriate) psychology to the beneficiary, where
the strength of the self-interest depends both on the size of the
benefit and on the strength of this relation.
The second part of the book concerns distributive justice and so
how to distribute welfare or self-interest fulfilment over
individuals. It includes discussions of welfarism, egalitarianism
and prioritarianism, population ethics, the importance of personal
identity and what matters for distributive justice, and the
importance of all these issues for various topics in applied
ethics, including the badness of death. Here, a version of
prioritarianism is defended, according to which, roughly, the moral
value of a benefit to an individual at a time depends on both the
size of the benefit and on the individual's self-interest, at that
time, in the other benefits that accrue to her at this and other
times.
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