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Absorbed Dose to Water Calibration of Ionization Chambers in a 60Co Gamma-Ray Beam (Paperback)
Loot Price: R316
Discovery Miles 3 160
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Absorbed Dose to Water Calibration of Ionization Chambers in a 60Co Gamma-Ray Beam (Paperback)
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Loot Price R316
Discovery Miles 3 160
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Absorbed-dose-to-water calibrations are important to the medical
community to facilitate the accurate determination of doses
delivered to tumors during external-beam cancer therapy. The first
version of this document offered an absorbed-dose-to-water
calibration service based on a graphite calorimeter as the primary
standard. However, the use of this calorimeter necessitated
calculations to convert the measurement from graphite to water. In
1989, a water calorimeter was introduced at the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST), which was to replace the
graphite calorimeter as the primary standard. Though the
calculations necessary for conversion factors were eliminated with
this new technology, a calibration service based on the water
calorimeter was not developed at this time. Despite the fact that
the service was available, the medical physics community did not
take advantage of it and used chambers calibrated in terms of
exposure (in units of roentgen) to calibrate their radiotherapy
60Co and high-energy electron accelerator x-ray. A protocol,
commonly known as TG21, developed by the American Association of
Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), involves many calculations to arrive
at the quantity desired by the medical physicist in the practicing
clinic, cGy/MU (centiGray/monitor unit). The AAPM has initiated a
new protocol through Task Group 51 which involves
absorbed-dose-to-water calibrations of ion chambers commonly used
in the calibration of the clinical radiotherapy photon and electron
beams.NIST has developed and is now prepared to offer the
absorbed-dose-towater calibration service for ionization chambers
based on a water calorimeter standard developed by Steve Domen at
NIST. This document outlines the steps that have been taken to
develop this service including a brief description of the Domen
water calorimeter. The procedures that are involved in the
calibration of an ionization chamber for this quantity are
presented along with results from recent comparisons of the NIST
with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in France
and the National Radiation Council Canada (NRCC).
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