Norman Austin has organized his analysis of classical Greek
myths around Lacan's dichotomy between (ineffable) Being and the
meanings imposed upon Being by culturally determined signifiers.
The primary signifiers in myth (the gods), as projections of
contradictory meanings, impel human consciousness in contradictory
directions: toward heroic self-realization, on the one hand, and
into the fear, guilt, and despair resulting from failure, on the
other. The gods both reveal and occlude that which they
signify--the signified; ultimately, Being itself.
Austin includes one chapter on the father's ghost in
Shakespeare's Hamlet, and another on Albert Camus's The Stranger,
as examples of the power of mythical archetypes to reveal and
occlude Being, even when the apparatus of gods has been
excluded.
Despite their pessimism, ancient myths also affirm that the
paradoxes are not insoluble. Austin concludes by outlining the
profile of the Universal Self intimated in myth, religion, and
philosophy as the joint venture of the world realized in
consciousness, consciousness realized in consciousness, and
consciousness realized in the world.
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