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The Eye and the Whip - Corruption Control in the Americas (Hardcover)
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The Eye and the Whip - Corruption Control in the Americas (Hardcover)
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In order for transparency measures to fight corruption, they must
be paired with enforcement. Levels of corruption vary greatly
around the world, with certain regions suffering from it more than
others. Why is it pervasive in some countries, how does it weaken
critical regulations, and why is it so hard to root out? In The Eye
and the Whip, Paul Lagunes applies field experiments to analyze
corruption in three countries: Mexico, Peru, and the United States
of America. He begins by stressing that vulnerabilities to
corruption exist where government officials hold power over both
the provision of goods and the imposition of costs. Vulnerabilities
turn to actual threats when officials calculate that the benefits
of abusing their power are greater than the penalties associated
with getting caught. Therefore, controlling corruption requires
increasing the probability of detecting malfeasance through
enhanced monitoring - what Lagunes calls "the eye" - and then
applying the appropriate penalty in response to wrongdoing-what he
calls "the whip." However, in the places where he conducts
extensive fieldwork, which include a city in central Mexico, urban
districts in Peru, and two boroughs in New York City, the common
policy response to corruption typically emphasizes only the first
of the two mechanisms. From bribes extracted for public works
contracts to property tax evasion, corruption in these and other
areas will persist as long as the authorities are unwilling to
impose serious penalties after becoming aware of the problem. After
examining how corrupt transactions unfold and why corruption
appears immune to transparency, Lagunes leverages local
collaborations to test a series of approaches that help promote
accountability. Offering rigorous, evidence-based recommendations
for improving public administration, The Eye and the Whip will be
essential reading for anyone searching for effective tools to
battle this age-old scourge.
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