The guiding question of this work is the following: In which way,
if at all, can we define a framework that allows a comparative view
on social professional activity in an international perspective?
Going beyond positivist research usually means to look for
qualitative standards, however remaining caught by taking
individual professions in a national setting from one country for
granted and looking from what we know for 'counterparts' and/or
'partners' in other countries. To avoid the subsequent shortcoming
of an underlying 'professional rigidity' we face the need of
developing a functional perspective, focusing on the societies in
which Social Professional Activities (SPA) emerge in their
respective particular national patterns. This means, however, to
start by defining 'the social' as determining societies in general,
looking from there at different national patterns -- pragmatically
but as well structurally the nation state will be taken as point of
reference. In such a perspective, several current concepts have to
be fundamentally questioned as far as the mainstream consensus is
concerned. Terms in question are in particular: the social,
professions and social problems - this is especially necessary when
it comes to developing an international perspective. Despite the
need of looking for a general definition of the social, there is in
particular a more specific need for debating the understanding of
different strands of activities that are - in the widest sense -
captured as social professions, for example social work,
community/youth work, nursing and care professions, but as well
social management and social action (especially the latter pointing
on the problematique of professionalisation in strictu sensu).
International comparative research of social professional
activities does not fail (primarily) because of the huge variety of
national regimes and regulations. The actual reason is the
fundamentally different point of departure, expressing various
national traditions of the reasoning on the state - a reasoning
being at the end a practical reasoning. In other words, we have to
recur on the different national understanding of 'social
contracts'. This approach allows taking a dialectical perspective
in order to revisit the actual character of social professional
activities. It is the practical confrontation of the individual
with his/her environment that constitutes processes of
socialisation.
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