As the feature size decreases in deep sub-micron designs, coupling
capacitance becomes the dominant factor in total capacitance. The
resulting crosstalk noise may be responsible for signal integrity
issues and significant timing variation. Traditionally, static
timing analysis tools have ignored cross coupling effects between
wires altogether. Newer tools simply approximate the coupling
capacitance by a 2X Miller factor in order to compute the worst
case delay. The latter approach not only reduces delay calculation
accuracy, but can also be shown to underestimate the delay in
certain scenarios.
This book describes accurate but conservative methods for computing
delay variation due to coupling. Furthermore, most of these methods
are computationally efficient enough to be employed in a static
timing analysis tool for complex integrated digital circuits. To
achieve accuracy, a more accurate computation of the Miller factor
is derived. To achieve both computational efficiency and accuracy,
a variety of mechanisms for pruning the search space are detailed,
including:
-Spatial pruning - reducing aggressors to those in physical
proximity,
-Electrical pruning - reducing aggressors by electrical
strength,
-Temporal pruning - reducing aggressors using timing windows,
-Functional pruning - reducing aggressors by Boolean functional
analysis.
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