Overfishing threatens the viability of high seas living resources.
Furthermore, controls to prevent overfishing are inadequate.
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a product of
overfishing and affects all marine fisheries. Southern Ocean
fisheries have been particularly targeted by IUU fishing. The
efforts of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resources Commission and the Australian government to adopt
complementary measures to deter IUU fishing in the Southern Ocean
form the basis of this study, although the examination is conducted
following a comprehensive review of the legal and other factors
contributing to the development of IUU fishing as well as the
applicable international law.
The author concludes that in the absence of flag State control,
alternative measures and strategies have proved to be effective in
influencing the behaviour of IUU fishing vessels. By improving
coastal State surveillance, enhancing regional cooperation,
imposing port and market State controls, establishing IUU vessel
databases and vigorously prosecuting offenders, Regional Fisheries
Management Organisations and coastal States can jointly increase
the risk of conducting IUU fishing activities. At the same time
financial returns can be diminished so that engaging in IUU fishing
becomes economically unattractive. It is concluded that the
application of a combination of these measures is required in order
to achieve a degree of success in deterring IUU operators.
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