There is perhaps no facet of modern society where the influence of
computer automation has not been felt. Flight management systems
for pilots, diagnostic and surgical aids for physicians,
navigational displays for drivers, and decision-aiding systems for
air-traffic controllers, represent only a few of the numerous
domains in which powerful new automation technologies have been
introduced. The benefits that have been reaped from this
technological revolution have been many. At the same time,
automation has not always worked as planned by designers, and many
problems have arisen--from minor inefficiencies of operation to
large-scale, catastrophic accidents. Understanding how humans
interact with automation is vital for the successful design of new
automated systems that are both safe and efficient.
The influence of automation technology on human performance has
often been investigated in a fragmentary, isolated manner, with
investigators conducting disconnected studies in different domains.
There has been little contact between these endeavors, although
principles gleaned from one domain may have implications for
another. Also, with a few exceptions, the research has tended to be
empirical and only theory-driven. In recent years, however, various
groups of investigators have begun to examine human performance in
automated systems in general and to develop theories of human
interaction with automation technology.
This book presents the current theories and assesses the impact of
automation on different aspects of human performance. Both basic
and applied research is presented to highlight the general
principles of human-computer interaction in several domains where
automation technologies are widely implemented. The major premise
is that a broad-based, theory-driven approach will have significant
implications for the effective design of both current and future
automation technologies. This volume will be of considerable value
to researchers in human factors, human-computer interaction,
aviation and cognitive psychology, industrial engineering--and
related disciplines as well as computer scientists, aeronautical,
biomedical, and mechanical engineers. In addition, it should
interest others involved in the design and manufacture of
automation technologies.
Part I covers broad theoretical perspectives and concepts in
automation research. Part II assesses the impact of automation on
different aspects of human performance, including monitoring,
mental workload, situational awareness, vigilance, decision making,
and supervisory control. Aspects of team performance in automated
systems are also discussed. Part III examines issues related to
human performance in different domains where automation
technologies have been introduced including: aviation, different
modes of transportation, motor vehicles on the road, maritime
operations, medical systems, quality control and maintenance, and
oil and gas pipeline operations. Part IV speculates on the future
relationship between humans and automation and explores this
relationship in the context of understanding the "teleology," or
grand purpose in design, of automation technology.
General
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