Reasonable people agree that, other things being equal, it is
immoral to fail to fulfill deathbed promises, to maliciously defame
the dead, and to mistreat corpses. But philosophical controversy
swirls over why such acts are morally wrong. Are these acts wrong
only because they violate moral norms against breaking promises,
lying, and abusing others? Are these acts morally deficient because
they wrong the dead? Are these acts morally wrong because they harm
or injure the dead? Or are these acts blameworthy because they
wrong, harm, or injure those who survive the deaths? Who are the
genuine victims, if any, of these morally wrong acts? When first
confronting such questions seriously, we discover paradoxes. On one
hand, we are inclined to think that the dead person is in some
sense wronged, harmed, or injured by posthumous treachery. After
all, when a promise is broken, when someone is maliciously defamed,
and when someone's request concerning the disposition of his
remains is dismissed, we are inclined to think of the victims as
the promisee, the defamed person, and the ignored person,
respectively. On the other hand, in the case of the dead there are
no "people" who might be identified as victims. Assuming that death
marks finality, once we are dead we are no more. So perhaps the
typical moral paradigms dissolve in such cases. Posthumous Harm:
Why the Dead are Still Vulnerable addresses these issues and the
host of questions surrounding them.
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