This paper analyses the notion of self-determination and secession
by adopting a comparative perspective on two case studies, namely
Somaliland and South Sudan. Somaliland declared its independence in
1991 following the collapse of the Somali state. Since then,
Somaliland has been making relentless efforts to secure recognition
from the international community. South Sudan successfully
negotiated the right to exercise self-determination, a right that
was formalised in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed
between the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) and the Sudan
People's Liberation Movement (SPLM). The people of South Sudan held
a referendum and voted overwhelmingly for secession, with formal
independence being achieved on 9 July 2011. International law may
better qualify Somaliland for statehood than South Sudan for three
reasons: (i) it was created by colonialism, (ii) it has already
been recognised, albeit only for a few days, as an independent
state in 1960, and (iii) it has proven to be stable, functional and
relatively democratic. Yet Somaliland has failed to achieve
international recognition. This paper interrogates this
discrepancy. It concludes that the existence of a partner ready to
accept the right of self-determination, and geostrategic concerns
about security as well as economic and political interests,
determine international recognition.
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