One of the most controversial questions in Italy today concerns the
origins of the political terror that ravaged the country from 1969
to 1984, when the Red Brigades, a Marxist revolutionary
organization, intimidated, maimed, and murdered on a wide scale.
In this timely study of the ways in which an ideology of terror
becomes rooted in society, Richard Drake explains the historical
character of the revolutionary tradition to which so many ordinary
Italians professed allegiance, examining its origins and internal
tensions, the men who shaped it, and its impact and legacy in
Italy. He illuminates the defining figures who grounded the
revolutionary tradition, including Carlo Cafiero, Antonio Labriola,
Benito Mussolini, and Antonio Gramsci, and explores the connections
between the social disasters of Italy, particularly in the south,
and the country's intellectual politics; the brand of "anarchist
communism" that surfaced; and the role of violence in the ideology.
Though arising from a legitimate sense of moral outrage at
desperate conditions, the ideology failed to find the political
institutions and ethical values that would end inequalities created
by capitalism.
In a chilling coda, Drake recounts the recent murders of the
economists Massimo D'Antona and Marco Biagi by the new Red
Brigades, whose Internet justification for the killings is steeped
in the Marxist revolutionary tradition.
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