This new edition provides an up-to-date examination of the key
issues of the drug problem, including cigarettes, heroin, alcohol,
cocaine, and marijuana. It offers a current review of definitions
of drug use and dependence, the latest developments regarding
tobacco use and the historical agreement between government and
industry, and research and analysis from a cross-cultural
perspective. A detailed account of opium and heroin distribution
and control in the region of Afghanistan provide valuable
insight.
Whether it be illegal drugs such as marijuana, heroin, and
cocaine or legal substances including cigarettes and alcohol, drug
use is a deeply imbedded characteristic of society. An immense
amount of money and human resources is spent in the United States
to address drug use. For example, the cost of substance abuse to
the U.S. economy each year is estimated to be over $414 billion. In
terms of illegal drugs alone, the U.S. drug market has been
estimated to be $150 billion a year. The annual federal anti-drug
budget for law enforcement is about $12 billion per year; and about
$3 billion goes to overseas drug wars alone with about half of that
amount going to Colombia to eliminate opium and coca cultivation.
It has been reported that substance abuse and addiction will add at
least $41 billion to the costs of elementary and secondary
education for 2001 due to class disruption and violence, special
education and tutoring, teacher turnover, truancy, children left
behind, student assistance programs, property damage, injury, and
counseling. The cost to the nation for each of its hard-core
addicts, per year, is about $30,000. The amount spent on the drug
problem does not include the cost of drug use measured in human
suffering, increased violence, and lost lives, nor does it include
the damage done by cigarettes and alcohol.
The second, updated edition of this important work examines
issues about the use and abuse of legal and illegal drugs from
multiple perspectives including the social context of reality,
historical and present patterns of use, causal factors associated
with addiction, research findings including those of a
cross-cultural nature, case studies of addicts, and the management
of services provision.
General
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