Since the victory of the 1949 revolution the incumbency of the
Chinese Communist Party has been characterized by an almost
relentless struggle to legitimize its monopoly on political power.
During the Mao era, attempts to derive legitimacy focused primarily
on mass participation in political affairs, a blend of Marxist and
nationalist ideology, and the charismatic authority of Mao Zedong.
The dramatic failure of the Cultural Revolution forced the post-Mao
leadership to discard these discredited paradigms of legitimacy and
move towards an almost exclusively performance based concept
founded on market economic reform. The reforms during the 1980s
generated a number of unwelcome but inevitable side effects such as
official corruption, high unemployment and significant
socio-economic inequality. These factors culminated ultimately in
the 1989 demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and throughout China.
Since Tiananmen the party has sought to diversify the basis of its
legitimacy by adhering more closely to constitutional procedures in
decision making and, to a certain extent, by reinventing itself as
a conservative nationalist party. This probing study of
post-communist revolution Chinese politics sets out to discover if
there is a plausible alternative to the electoral mode or if
legitimacy is the exclusive domain of the multi-party system.
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