Military training was a prominent feature of higher education
across the nineteenth-century South. Virginia Military Institute
and the Citadel, as well as land-grant schools such as Texas
A&M, Auburn, and Clemson, organized themselves on a military
basis, requiring their male students to wear uniforms, join a corps
of cadets, and subject themselves to constant military discipline.
Several southern black colleges also adopted a military approach.
Challenging assumptions about a distinctive "southern military
tradition," Rod Andrew demonstrates that southern military schools
were less concerned with preparing young men for actual combat than
with instilling in their students broader values of honor,
patriotism, civic duty, and virtue. Southerners had a remarkable
tendency to reconcile militarism with republicanism, Andrew says,
and following the Civil War, the Lost Cause legend further
strengthened the link in southerners' minds between military and
civic virtue.
Though traditionally black colleges faced struggles that white
schools did not, notes Andrew, they were motivated by the same
conviction that powered white military schools--the belief that a
good soldier was by definition a good citizen.
General
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