In 1916, Congress passed the "Organic Act" that created the
National Park Services (NPS). The act provided the basis needed to
better manage the nation's already existing and growing assortment
of federally protected lands by placing these under the direct
supervision of a national bureau. More important, the Organic Act
established the essential tenets of faith that have long guided NPS
policy. According to the act, the Park Service seeks "to conserve
the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife"
within the parks and "to provide for the enjoyment of the same in
such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the
enjoyment of future generations." Under the sponsorship of Sir
Walter Raleigh, English settlers established two colonies on
Roanoke Island, North Carolina, in 1585 and 1587, respectively. The
colonists from the first settlement returned to England, while the
men, women, and children from the second settlement simply
disappeared, thus becoming known to history as the "lost colony."
Despite initial failure and tragedy, these expeditions fueled and
aided future colonization attempts by England, including the
founding of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, the first permanent
English settlement in the New World. Many generations accepted the
northern shore of Roanoke Island as the location for the famous
"Cittie of Raleigh." The site was thus the focus of various
commemorative efforts over the years. In the 1890s, the Roanoke
Colony Memorial Association (RCMA) was formed to preserve the area.
During the 1930s, the State of North Carolina administered the site
as a state park and developed a highly conjectural reconstruction
of log structures as a New Deal work project. During the same
period, local enthusiasts formed the Roanoke Island Historical
Association (RIHA), which took over the preservation and
commemorative work of the RCMA. Over the years, Fort Raleigh's
managers have focused largely on preserving and recovering the
site's archeological data, interpreting the area's history to the
public, and managing the park's unique partnership with RIHA. Since
1990, that mission has also included promoting greater
understanding of Civil War-era events on Roanoke Island, the
history of the island's indigenous inhabitants, and even the area's
role in the development of early radio. This study of Fort Raleigh
National Historic Site focuses upon its administrative history.
This administrative history documents how Fort Raleigh National
Historic Site was created and later managed by the Park Service. It
discusses how NPS managers have sought to accommodate commercial
and community interests while maintaining their own basic
allegiance to the standards of professional scholarship and the
directives of the NPS Organic Act. Within this study emphasis is
placed upon the years of NPS administration, but a review of the
site's historical importance is also included.
General
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