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The Pseudo-Democrat's Dilemma - Why Election Observation Became an International Norm (Paperback)
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The Pseudo-Democrat's Dilemma - Why Election Observation Became an International Norm (Paperback)
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Why did election monitoring become an international norm? Why do
pseudo-democrats-undemocratic leaders who present themselves as
democratic-invite international observers, even when they are
likely to be caught manipulating elections? Is election observation
an effective tool of democracy promotion, or is it simply a way to
legitimize electoral autocracies? In The Pseudo-Democrat's Dilemma,
Susan D. Hyde explains international election monitoring with a new
theory of international norm formation. Hyde argues that election
observation was initiated by states seeking international support.
International benefits tied to democracy give some governments an
incentive to signal their commitment to democratization without
having to give up power. Invitations to nonpartisan foreigners to
monitor elections, and avoiding their criticism, became a widely
recognized and imitated signal of a government's purported
commitment to democratic elections.Hyde draws on cross-national
data on the global spread of election observation between 1960 and
2006, detailed descriptions of the characteristics of countries
that do and do not invite observers, and evidence of three ways
that election monitoring is costly to pseudo-democrats: micro-level
experimental tests from elections in Armenia and Indonesia showing
that observers can deter election-day fraud and otherwise improve
the quality of elections; illustrative cases demonstrating that
international benefits are contingent on democracy in countries
like Haiti, Peru, Togo, and Zimbabwe; and qualitative evidence
documenting the escalating game of strategic manipulation among
pseudo-democrats, international monitors, and pro-democracy forces.
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