Tobacco addiction (also known as nicotinism) remains a preventable
healthcare challenge in the entire world and is the most
significant cause of loss pertaining to national and international
economy and productivity. Nicotinism poses a significant challenge
to the general health and well-being of adolescents, pregnant
women, and developing infants. Adolescents are highly vulnerable to
nicotine addiction and suffer from poor quality of life, early
morbidity, and mortality. Nicotine exposure during intrauterine
life can induce diversified embryopathies (such as abortion,
stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, microcephaly,
craniofacial abnormalities, growth retardation, ADHD, autism, and
craniofacial abnormalities) in developing infants; likewise,
asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cancer, and
infertility can develop in adults. Tobacco smoking kills nearly six
million people each year, and almost five million of these deaths
are the result of direct tobacco use, while nearly 600,000 are the
result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Nearly
80% of the world's one billion smokers live in low- and
middle-income countries. Some tobacco smoking-related health risks
include: lung cancer, COPD, cardiovascular diseases, stroke,
asthma, reproductive anomalies, premature low birth weight infants,
diabetes, blindness, cataracts, macular degeneration, and nearly
ten types of cancer, including colon, cervix, liver, stomach and
pancreatic cancer. There are roughly 7,000 toxic chemicals in
tobacco which can directly or indirectly cause cancer, stroke, and
heart attack to induce early morbidity and mortality. At least
seventy chemicals have been implicated in inducing cancer. A
persons life span is reduced at least ten years when smoking
tobacco. Nicotine is the primary ingredient in tobacco, possessing
a highly addictive potential which causes physical tolerance and
psychological dependence, with severe withdrawal symptoms and
potential for relapse. Chronic smokers find it extremely difficult
to quit smoking as the success rate is only 33%. Although several
preventive as well as therapeutic measures have been implemented to
minimize the risks of numerous illnesses associated with tobacco
smoking, a considerable amount of research is needed to further
minimize this devastating, yet preventable addiction from the
entire world. Recent trends in the reduction of smoking in several
countries including the US, Canada, and Australia seems quite
encouraging; yet smoking in several other countries such as Serbia,
Slovenia, Russia, China, and India remains a significant challenge.
Recently, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) emerged as the next
generation of nicotine products with different brand names in the
market. Although their popularity has increased particularly among
adolescents in the Western world, the extent of psychiatric
comorbidity with e-cigarettes use and dual use of conventional
(combustible) vs e-cigarettes remains uncertain. As many as 460 new
brands of e-cigarettes have been introduced. Older brands tend to
highlight their merits over conventional (incinerating) cigarettes
while newer brands emphasize consumer choice in multiple flavors
and product versatility. Public awareness and proper education
(particularly for young adolescents) will go a long way in early
prevention and successful clinical management of nicotinism. Nova
Science Publishers have now released an interesting book in four
volumes for learning more about the basic molecular biology,
molecular genetics, emerging biotechnology, diseases linked to
nicotinism and their possible prevention and cure. The primary
objective is to minimize nicotine-induced early morbidity and
mortality due to asthma, emphysema, cancer, heart attack, diabetes,
obesity, infertility, major depressive disorders, schizophrenia,
Alzheimers disease, and several other neurological and
neuropsychiatric disorders, which are systematically described in
this book. This book presents recent knowledge and wisdom regarding
the harmful and therapeutic benefits of tobacco smoking by
incineration or by vaping through e-cigarettes. Volume One
describes general topics on nicotinism and the emerging role of
electronic cigarettes; Volume Two describes the basic molecular
biology of nicotinism; Volume Three describes emerging
biotechnology in nicotinism; and Volume Four describes chronic
diseases associated with nicotinism and
charnolopharmacotherapeutics. A novel disease-specific
spatiotemporal charnolosomics and conventional omics (genomics,
proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and metallomics) with
correlative and combinatorial bioinformatics is proposed for the
first time to accomplish targeted, safe, and effective personalized
theranostics of nicotinism for a better quality of life. In Volume
One, the author presents general topics on nicotinism and the
emerging role of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in nine
chapters. Chapter One describes historical and general aspects of
tobacco smoking and nicotinism; Chapter Two describes the
epidemiology of adolescent smoking; Chapter Three describes the
global prevalence of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence;
Chapter Four describes the global cost of smoking and loss of
economy and productivity; Chapter Five describes chemical
constituents of tobacco and tobacco product ingredients; Chapter
Six describes physiological and pharmacological properties of
nicotine; Chapter Seven describes nicotinism relapse; Chapter Eight
describes a recent update on smoking and health-related issues, and
Chapter Nine describes the genetics of nicotinism.
General
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