As small, open economies the Nordic states have always been more
dependent on foreign trade than larger powers, and have thus had a
historic preference for free trade. But during the inter-war period
the Nordic countries were squeezed between powerful and aggressive
trading partners: above all Great Britain and Germany. Although the
period between the end of the First World War and 1929 was marked
by a return to a liberal world economy, the Great Depression
ushered in a decade of protectionism. The bilateralisation of
international trade was especially evident after Britain s Ottawa
treaties in 1932 and the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. Their
dependence on trade with Britain and Germany meant that the Nordic
countries were exposed to the full force of British and German
bilateralism.
The paradox is that in spite of international trade wars and
regulated exchange the Nordic countries managed better than other
European states during the interwar period, and that the Great
Depression was not as deep or long lasting as in other countries.
The chapters in this book discuss why and how this rather
successful Nordic experience was achieved. The topics covered
include commercial and monetary policies but also important
industries such as forestry, agriculture and fishing. Many of the
chapters are comparative and discuss economic developments in two
or more Nordic countries."
General
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