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Democratisation and Power-Sharing in Stormy Weather 2009 - The Case of Lebanon (Paperback, 2009 ed.)
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Democratisation and Power-Sharing in Stormy Weather 2009 - The Case of Lebanon (Paperback, 2009 ed.)
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Is democracy possible only in homogeneous societies? Does
heterogeneity - clude a stable democracy? Throughout history,
ethnic, linguistic, or religious homogeneity whether by
circumstance, coercion, or choice, has seemingly been conducive to
democracy. In France, democracy was established after the impo-
tion of religious uniformity and the revocation of the Edict of
Nantes. The United States pulled in immigrants who renounced their
original affiliations to forge a new identity in a newly born
state. Still, defying assumptions, democracies have emerged in
heterogeneous states such as the Swiss Confederation, the Successor
States of the Holy Roman Empire and, later, those carved out of the
previous colonial empires. One common feature is the failure of -
often violent - attempts to enforce homogeneity, or the lack of any
such attempt in the first place. In the course of time, these
divided societies have learned to live in diversity, to pacify
their differences, and to find a path - wards peace or at least
accommodation. In sum, they went beyond forms of se- rating powers
to sharing power. Whether defined by ethnicity, language, religion,
or even ideology, communities agreed to a pact on participating in
a joint gove- ment based on proportional or even equal
representation. It is noteworthy that political systems based on
power-sharing were long marg- al in mainstream political science
which laid an emphasis on democratic tran- tions in homogeneous
societies and on socio-economic or cultural prerequisites that
facilitate the rise of democracy.
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