Natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, volcanic
eruptions, tsunamis, and hurricanes cause environmental, economic
as well as sociological problems worldwide. In recent years,
greater availability of information and sensational media reports
of natural hazard occurrence -and in particular in terms of
property damage or loss oflife caused by these hazards -resulted in
an increase of hazard awareness at a societal level. This increase
in public awareness has often been misconstrued as an indication
that natural hazards have been occurring more frequently with
higher magnitudes in recent years/decades, thus causing more damage
than in the past. It is still under debate, however, to which
extent recent increases in damage can be related to changing
frequencies of natural processes, or whether catastrophic events
occur at similar rates as they always had. If the latter is the
case, the reason for a greater damage can be related to dramatic
population growth over the last century, with a substantial
augmentation of population density in some regions. Indeed, the
implications are more server in underdeveloped and developing
countries, where urbanisation has increasingly occurred in hazard
prone areas such as coastal zones, alluvial river plains and steep
slopes, thus causing an increase in the exposure to natural
hazards. Some groups of society in wealthy countries accept higher
risks in order to live directly on top of a cliff or on a steep
slope to enjoy panoramic views of the landscape.
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