NATO has been a "nuclear" alliance since its inception. Nuclear
weapons have served the dual purpose of being part of NATO military
planning as well as being central to the Alliance's deterrence
strategy. For over 4 decades, NATO allies sought to find
conventional and nuclear forces, doctrines, and agreed strategies
that linked the defense of Europe to that of the United States.
Still, in light of the evolving security situation, the Alliance
must now consider the role and future of tactical or non-strategic
nuclear weapons (NSNWs). Two clear conclusions emerge from this
analysis. First, in the more than 2 decades since the end of the
Cold War, the problem itself-that is, the question of what to do
with weapons designed in a previous century for the possibility of
a World War III against a military alliance that no longer
exists-is understudied, both inside and outside of government.
Tactical weapons, although less awesome than their strategic
siblings, carry significant security and political risks, and they
have not received the attention that is commensurate to their
importance. Second, it is clear that whatever the future of these
arms, the status quo is unacceptable. It is past the time for NATO
to make more resolute decisions, find a coherent strategy, and
formulate more definite plans about its nuclear status.
Consequently, decisions about the role of nuclear weapons within
the Alliance and the associated supporting analysis are fundamental
to the future identity of NATO. At the Lisbon Summit in Portugal in
November 2010, the Alliance agreed to conduct the Deterrence and
Defense Posture Review (DDPR). This effort is designed to answer
these difficult questions prior to the upcoming NATO Summit in May
2012. The United States and its closest allies must define future
threats and, in doing so, clarify NATO's identity, purpose, and
corresponding force requirements. So far, NATO remains a "nuclear
alliance," but it is increasingly hard to define what that means.
General
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