In James Baldwin's fiction, according to Trudier Harris, black
women are conceptually limited figures until their author ceases to
measure them by standards of the community fundamentalist church.
Harris analyzes works written over a thirty-year period to show how
Baldwin's development of female character progresses through time.
Black women in the early fiction, responding to their elders as
well as to religious influences, see their lives in terms of duty
as wives, mothers, sisters, and lovers. Failure in any of these
roles leads to guilt feelings and the expectation of damnation. In
later works, Baldwin adopts a new point of view, acknowledging
complex extenuating circumstances in lieu of pronouncing moral
judgement. Female characters in works written at this stage
eventually come to believe that the church affords no comfort.
Baldwin subsequently makes villains of some female churchgoers, and
caring women who do not attend church become his most attractive
characters. Still later in Baldwin's career, a woman who frees
herself of guilt by moving completely beyond the church attains
greater contentment than almost all of her counterparts in the
earlier works.
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