When the issue of racial profiling by police departments came to
light, it became a hot topic for criminology researchers. The
conspicuous role of the American police touches a nerve, and often
puts politics in the driver's seat of research in this area.
However, learning more about police operations is important from
both a scientific and policy analytic standpoint as well. As the
social and political environment changes and new investigative and
prevention technologies appear, it is critical to understand the
impact these external influences have on the efficiency,
effectiveness and fairness of policing.
One of the most comprehensive reports of research on police
departments was released in 2004 - the National Research Council's
report "Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence."
Summarizing four decades of research, the report keeps a watchful
eye toward policy significance.
This volume of "The Annals" touches on many of the themes
included in the National Research Council's report. Yet it goes
well beyond restating the report s principal themes. The
contributors to this special issue take many of them further, and
in newer directions, than an official report allows, and they offer
innovative perspectives on the condition of American policing.
Scrutinizing the role of existing research in the field of
police studies, this issue goes on to cover important topics such
as current trends in police organizations; how the public s
perception of police restraint and fairness shape police images;
the effectiveness of tailored responses versus a one-size-fits-all
approaches; the role of public support in determining the success
of a department; issues surrounding police supervision and
self-management, and more.
With a balanced look at both policy and practice, this issue
will help social scientists and policy makers alike gain a clearer
view of the police landscape. It elevates the research in this
field to a new level and provides a sturdy foundation for future
studies and new policies, including policies toward research
itself. "
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