The book provides the first full length exploration of fuzzy computability. It describes the notion of fuzziness and present the foundation of computability theory. It then presents the various approaches to fuzzy computability. This text provides a glimpse into the different approaches in this area, which is important for researchers in order to have a clear view of the field. It contains a detailed literature review and the author includes all proofs to make the presentation accessible. Ideas for future research and explorations are also provided. Students and researchers in computer science and mathematics will benefit from this work.

Problem solving in computing is referred to as computational thinking. The theory behind this concept is challenging in its technicalities, yet simple in its ideas. This book introduces the theory of computation from its inception to current form of complexity; from explanations of how the field of computer science was formed using classical ideas in mathematics by Goedel, to conceptualization of the Turing Machine, to its more recent innovations in quantum computation, hypercomputation, vague computing and natural computing. It describes the impact of these in relation to academia, business and wider society, providing a sound theoretical basis for its practical application.Written for accessibility, Demystifying Computation provides the basic knowledge needed for non-experts in the field, undergraduate computer scientists and students of information and communication technology and software development.

Problem solving in computing is referred to as computational thinking. The theory behind this concept is challenging in its technicalities, yet simple in its ideas. This book introduces the theory of computation from its inception to current form of complexity; from explanations of how the field of computer science was formed using classical ideas in mathematics by Goedel, to conceptualization of the Turing Machine, to its more recent innovations in quantum computation, hypercomputation, vague computing and natural computing. It describes the impact of these in relation to academia, business and wider society, providing a sound theoretical basis for its practical application.Written for accessibility, Demystifying Computation provides the basic knowledge needed for non-experts in the field, undergraduate computer scientists and students of information and communication technology and software development.

The book starts with the assumption that vagueness is a fundamental property of this world. From a philosophical account of vagueness via the presentation of alternative mathematics of vagueness, the subsequent chapters explore how vagueness manifests itself in the various exact sciences: physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, computer science, and engineering.

Provides readers with the foundations of fuzzy mathematics as well as more advanced topics A Modern Introduction to Fuzzy Mathematics provides a concise presentation of fuzzy mathematics., moving from proofs of important results to more advanced topics, like fuzzy algebras, fuzzy graph theory, and fuzzy topologies. The authors take the reader through the development of the field of fuzzy mathematics, starting with the publication in 1965 of Lotfi Asker Zadeh's seminal paper, Fuzzy Sets. The book begins with the basics of fuzzy mathematics before moving on to more complex topics, including: Fuzzy sets Fuzzy numbers Fuzzy relations Possibility theory Fuzzy abstract algebra And more Perfect for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers with an interest in the field of fuzzy mathematics, A Modern Introduction to Fuzzy Mathematics walks through both foundational concepts and cutting-edge, new mathematics in the field.

The book provides the first full length exploration of fuzzy computability. It describes the notion of fuzziness and present the foundation of computability theory. It then presents the various approaches to fuzzy computability. This text provides a glimpse into the different approaches in this area, which is important for researchers in order to have a clear view of the field. It contains a detailed literature review and the author includes all proofs to make the presentation accessible. Ideas for future research and explorations are also provided. Students and researchers in computer science and mathematics will benefit from this work.

This volume contains the papers that were accepted for presentation at the - ternationalConferenceonT X, XML, andDigitalTypography, jointlyheld with E the 25th Annual Meeting of the T X Users Group in Xanthi, Greece in the sum- E mer of2004.Theterm DigitalTypography refersto thepreparationofprinted matter using only electronic computers and electronic printing devices, such as laser-jetprinters.Thedocumentpreparationprocessinvolvesmainlytheuseofa digital typesetting system as well as data representation technologies. TXand E its o?spring are beyond doubt the most successful current digital typesetters, while XML is the standard for text-based data representation for both business and scienti?c activities. Allpapersappearinginthisvolumewerefullyrefereedbythemembersofthe program committee. The papers were carefully selected to re?ect the research work that is being done in the ?eld of digital typography using T X and/or its E o?spring. The problems for which comprehensivesolutions have been proposed include proper multilingual document preparation and XML document processing and generation. The proposed solutions deal not simply with typesetting issues, but also related issues in document preparation, such as the manipulation of c- plex bibliographic databases, and automatic conversion of text expressed in one grammaticalsystem to a more recent one (as for the Greek language, converting between monotonic Greek and polytonic Greek). The conference is being graciously hosted by the Democritus University of Thrace in Xanthi and by the Greek T X Friends. We wish to thank Basil K."

The TeX and LaTeX typesetting systems have become the de facto standard for preparing complex technical documents in print and electronic form. "Digital Typography Using LaTeX" collects together the most frequently required ¿how to¿ information and tools. The book describes recent developments in multilingual typesetting using TeX that make it easy for users to prepare documents in their own languages and alphabets. In addition, it demonstrates how to develop a single document for use in camera-ready copy, World Wide Web pages, and portable electronic documents. Topics & features: * An ¿all in one,¿ comprehensive introduction to TeX and LaTeX, suitable for both those new to, and experienced with, the TeX software program * Provides detailed description of TeX¿s and LaTeX¿s new multilingual features, as well as how to combine languages into a single document * Provides details for obtaining and installing popular versions of LaTeX and necessary utility programs and tools * CD-ROM includes extensive utility programs, tools, and demonstrations presented in the book * Covers areas of advanced typography, such as the addition of Postscript or TrueType fonts to a LaTeX installation, and how to work with graphic images * Describes advanced typesetting systems, including Omega, Lambda, pdfLaTeX, and epsilon-LaTeX All scientists, engineers, and technical professionals who use LaTeX will find this volume a rich source of methods and tools for their desktop publishing needs.

This book contains the papers presented at the two CAPS (Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation) workshops, namely the First International Workshop on the Internet for Financial Collective Awareness and Intelligence, IFIN 2016, and the First International Workshop on Internet and Social Media for Environmental Monitoring, ISEM 2016, held in Florence, Italy in September 2016. The two workshops were collocated with the third International Conference on Internet Science, INSCI 2016. The 8 papers presented have been carefully reviewed and selected from 13 submissions. The papers of the two workshops although targeting different goals aim at developing platforms promoting awareness on different but critical sustainability issues.

Hypercomputation is a relatively new theory of computation that is about computing methods and devices that transcend the so-called Church-Turing thesis. This book will provide a thorough description of the field of hypercomputation covering all attempts at devising conceptual hypermachines and all new promising computational paradigms that may eventually lead to the construction of a hypermachine.

Readers of this book will get a deeper understanding of what computability is and why the Church-Turing thesis poses an arbitrary limit to what can be actually computed. Hypercomputing is in and of itself quite a novel idea and as such the book will be interesting in its own right. The most important features of the book, however, will be the thorough description of the various attempts of hypercomputation: from trial-and-error machines to the exploration of the human mind, if we treat it as a computing device.

Scala is a highly expressive, concise and scalable language. It is also the most prominent method of the new and exciting methodology known as object-functional programming. In this book, the authors show how Scala grows to the needs of the programmer, whether professional or hobbyist. They teach Scala with a step-by-step approach and explain how to exploit the full power of the industry-proven JVM technology. Readers can then dive into specially chosen design challenges and implementation problems, inspired by the trials of real-world software engineering. It also helps readers to embrace the power of static typing and automatic type inference. In addition, the book shows how to use the dual-object and functional-oriented natures combined at Scala's core, and so write code that is less 'boilerplate', giving a genuine increase in productivity.

Scala is a highly expressive, concise and scalable language. It is also the most prominent method of the new and exciting methodology known as object-functional programming. In this book, the authors show how Scala grows to the needs of the programmer, whether professional or hobbyist. They teach Scala with a step-by-step approach and explain how to exploit the full power of the industry-proven JVM technology. Readers can then dive into specially chosen design challenges and implementation problems, inspired by the trials of real-world software engineering. It also helps readers to embrace the power of static typing and automatic type inference. In addition, the book shows how to use the dual-object and functional-oriented natures combined at Scala's core, and so write code that is less 'boilerplate', giving a genuine increase in productivity.

Athenian tragedy offerd the world dynamic, powerful and moving female characters', but how far did the women portrayed on stage mirror those of real life? After assessing the role of Athenian women in cultural, social and religious terms, Syropoulos considers female characters in Aeschylus' Suppliants, and Euripides' Medea, Bacchae, Antigone and Alcestis, and speculates on how the audience reconciled the women they saw on stage with attitudes and experiences of women in everyday life. What Syropoulos reveals is that tragedy shows a role-reversal in terms of gender roles and is a didactic device, created by men, to warn against straying from established gender order.

Greek myths abound in images of beauty and perfection: charming gods, attractive goddesses, and handsome heroes, all of them standards of physical and spiritual flawlessness. However, the ancient Greeks were not fond of absolutes. No god or hero is shown without blemishes in character and ethics, and some are even physically imperfect, like Hephaestus, who is ugly and lame. Another element that dominates Greek mythology is the idea of balance. Good and evil, light and darkness, hubris and punishment. What could not be missing from this world is the image of reversed beauty: monstrosity. The aim of this book is to explore the realm of the imaginary world of Greek mythology and present the reader with a categorization of monstrosity, referring to some of the most noted examples in each category.