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First Published in 1971. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
First Published in 1971. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
Tropical climates, which occur between 23 Degrees30'N and S
latitude (Jacob 1988), encompass a wide variety of plant
communities (Hartshorn 1983, 1988), many of which are diverse in
their woody floras. Within this geographic region, temperature and
the amount and seasonality of rainfall define habitat types (UNESCO
1978). The F AO has estimated that there 1 are about 19 million km
of potentially forested area in the global tropics, of which 58%
were estimated to still be in closed forest in the mid-1970s
(Sommers 1976; UNESCO 1978). Of this potentially forested region,
42% is categorized as dry forest lifezone, 33% is tropical moist
forest, and 25% is wet or rain forest (Lugo 1988). The species
diversity of these tropical habitats is very high. Raven (1976, in
Mooney 1988) estimated that 65% of the 250,000 or more plant
species of the earth are found in tropical regions. Of this
floristic assemblage, a large fraction are woody species. In the
well-collected tropical moist forest of Barro Colorado Island,
Panama, 39. 7% (481 of 1212 species) of the native phanerogams are
woody, arborescent species (Croat 1978). Another 21. 9% are woody
vines and lianas. Southeast Asian Dipterocarp forests may contain
120-200 species of trees per hectare (Whitmore 1984), and recent
surveys in upper Amazonia re corded from 89 to 283 woody species ~
10 cm dbh per hectare (Gentry 1988). Tropical communities thus
represent a global woody flora of significant scope.
As 1992 looms on the horizon and preparation is made for the
completion of the internal market in Europe, the CMR realised the
value of addressing some of the issues involved and defining the
objectives and achievements of medicines regulations in a number of
EEC countries in comparison with Japan and the USA. The overall aim
was to use the lessons of past experience to determine the most
appropriate way forward. The final debate focused on two
possibilities for assessing and granting marketing authorisations
for Europe, namely mutual recognition or a centrally organised
European Med icines Office. These two views were discussed in
detail at both the workshop at the Ciba Foundation and the
international symposium at the Royal College of Physicians. It is
hoped that this sharing of ideas and the publication of the
proceedings of this fifth CMR Workshop will have encouraged all
concerned to continue the debate so that the final outcome will be
the establishment of an efficient system in the community for the
benefit of patients, the practising physician and the
pharmaceutical industry. We would like to take this opportunity of
thanking Brenda Mullinger for the considerable amount of scientific
and editorial work that she carried out on the manuscripts, Sheila
Wright for providing the secretarial support which allowed the
proceedings to be submitted to Kluwer Academic Publishers on disk
and Sandra Cox who organised the administrative aspects so vital to
the successful running of a Workshop and major international
symposium. S. R."
Tropical climates, which occur between 23 Degrees30'N and S
latitude (Jacob 1988), encompass a wide variety of plant
communities (Hartshorn 1983, 1988), many of which are diverse in
their woody floras. Within this geographic region, temperature and
the amount and seasonality of rainfall define habitat types (UNESCO
1978). The F AO has estimated that there 1 are about 19 million km
of potentially forested area in the global tropics, of which 58%
were estimated to still be in closed forest in the mid-1970s
(Sommers 1976; UNESCO 1978). Of this potentially forested region,
42% is categorized as dry forest lifezone, 33% is tropical moist
forest, and 25% is wet or rain forest (Lugo 1988). The species
diversity of these tropical habitats is very high. Raven (1976, in
Mooney 1988) estimated that 65% of the 250,000 or more plant
species of the earth are found in tropical regions. Of this
floristic assemblage, a large fraction are woody species. In the
well-collected tropical moist forest of Barro Colorado Island,
Panama, 39. 7% (481 of 1212 species) of the native phanerogams are
woody, arborescent species (Croat 1978). Another 21. 9% are woody
vines and lianas. Southeast Asian Dipterocarp forests may contain
120-200 species of trees per hectare (Whitmore 1984), and recent
surveys in upper Amazonia re corded from 89 to 283 woody species ~
10 cm dbh per hectare (Gentry 1988). Tropical communities thus
represent a global woody flora of significant scope.
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