In both Europe and America, the landscape of social policies has undergone fundamental changes in recent decades, especially in endeavors to develop new welfare arrangements. How does this affect citizenship-at-large as defined by the Marshallian triad of personal, democratic, and social rights?
Taking nine European countries as case studies, the contributions analyze the ways that citizenship has changed in key areas such as social security, labor market policies, and social services. Other chapters concentrate on the theoretical and conceptual challenges that result from the interrelation of changing social policies with different notions of citizenship. Trends in welfare reform have become harder to interpret. They are no longer about simple reductions in social services and entitlements, or a decline in social citizenship; the terms of debate have shifted. In a postindustrial world, individuals are afforded more mobility, autonomy, and responsibility. Security is being reexamined in light of the new risks stemming from a worldwide knowledge-based economy.
Behind the diversity of changes there is a unified agenda taking shape, characterized with concepts like activation, social investments, concerns with inclusion, and the strengthening of links between rights and responsibilities. The contributions in this volume represent an insightful look at the debate between the determination to curb social spending and a new model of an activist state ready to make social investments.

This book addresses the practice of social innovation, which is currently very much in the public eye. New ideas and approaches are needed to tackle the severe and wicked problems with which contemporary societies are struggling. Especially in times of economic crisis, social innovation is regarded as one of the crucial elements needed to move forward. Our knowledge of its dynamics has significantly progressed, thanks to an abundance of studies on social innovation both general and sector-specific. However, despite the valuable research conducted over the past years, the systematic analysis of social innovation is still contested and incomplete. The questions asked in the book will be the following: 1. What is the nature of social innovations? 2.What patterns can be identified in social innovations emerging at the local level? 3.How is the emergence and spread of social innovations related to urban governance? More precisely, which conditions and arrangements facilitate and hinders social innovation? We explore these questions using different types of data and methods, and studying different contexts. In particular, we focus on innovations that aim at solving problems of the young unemployed, single parents and migrants. This analysis is based on original research carried out in the period 2010-2013 in the framework of a European project with a specific empirical research strategy. Research was carried out in 20 cities in 10 different European countries.

First published in 1997, this volume is about the challenge of introducing business-originated concepts of quality assurance, personal social services are currently confronted with all over Europe. Undoubtedly, the new orientation towards a more business-like approach in social welfare settings will raise professionalism, "client-orientation" and controlling (instead of mere inspection). There is evidence, however, that the specificities of personal social services are not always taken into account if it comes to introducing market values and mechanisms. Due to this development it becomes essential to promote more adequate criteria for quality standards in the very field of personal social services. The challenge is to maintain a certain standard of service provision while at the same time reconsidering the preconditions for defining quality. This will imply the search for a consensus between allegedly diverging approaches, i.e. between their different basic concepts, aims and standards. Given the social and economic context within which these developments are taking place, the focus of the contributions is on their critical assessment in different European countries. An overview is given about national developments in the areas of care for older persons and other social services. The contributors from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK look at how and by whom quality is defined and what challenges the actors of the traditionally mixed economy of personal social services are meeting. Empirical evidence about user involvement and satisfaction is given but also theoretical reasoning about the impact of business approaches on a "pubic good". Thus, the book tries to fill an important gap in practice, research and policy-making concerning personal social services and quality issues.

First published in 1997, this volume is about the challenge of introducing business-originated concepts of quality assurance, personal social services are currently confronted with all over Europe. Undoubtedly, the new orientation towards a more business-like approach in social welfare settings will raise professionalism, "client-orientation" and controlling (instead of mere inspection). There is evidence, however, that the specificities of personal social services are not always taken into account if it comes to introducing market values and mechanisms. Due to this development it becomes essential to promote more adequate criteria for quality standards in the very field of personal social services. The challenge is to maintain a certain standard of service provision while at the same time reconsidering the preconditions for defining quality. This will imply the search for a consensus between allegedly diverging approaches, i.e. between their different basic concepts, aims and standards. Given the social and economic context within which these developments are taking place, the focus of the contributions is on their critical assessment in different European countries. An overview is given about national developments in the areas of care for older persons and other social services. The contributors from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK look at how and by whom quality is defined and what challenges the actors of the traditionally mixed economy of personal social services are meeting. Empirical evidence about user involvement and satisfaction is given but also theoretical reasoning about the impact of business approaches on a "pubic good". Thus, the book tries to fill an important gap in practice, research and policy-making concerning personal social services and quality issues.

Dieses Handbuch gibt einen umfassenden UEberblick uber alle relevanten Aspekte der Sozialen Dienste in Deutschland. Es behandelt historische und theoretische Grundlagen, Fragen der Steuerung und institutionellen Strukturen sowie internationale bzw. europaische Entwicklungen im Bereich der Sozialen Dienste. Daruber hinaus wird die Bedeutung Sozialer Dienste in zentralen Politikfeldern nachgezeichnet sowie die Mikrostruktur von Dienstleistungskulturen aus der Perspektive der Professionellen und der Klienten bzw. Konsumenten behandelt. Das Handbuch Soziale Dienste ist ein unverzichtbares Kompendium sowohl fur die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung als auch die praktisch-politische Beschaftigung mit diesem zunehmend wichtiger werdenden Bereich des deutschen Sozialstaates.

This book addresses the practice of social innovation, which is currently very much in the public eye. New ideas and approaches are needed to tackle the severe and wicked problems with which contemporary societies are struggling. Especially in times of economic crisis, social innovation is regarded as one of the crucial elements needed to move forward. Our knowledge of its dynamics has significantly progressed, thanks to an abundance of studies on social innovation both general and sector-specific. However, despite the valuable research conducted over the past years, the systematic analysis of social innovation is still contested and incomplete. The questions asked in the book will be the following: 1. What is the nature of social innovations? 2.What patterns can be identified in social innovations emerging at the local level? 3.How is the emergence and spread of social innovations related to urban governance? More precisely, which conditions and arrangements facilitate and hinders social innovation? We explore these questions using different types of data and methods, and studying different contexts. In particular, we focus on innovations that aim at solving problems of the young unemployed, single parents and migrants. This analysis is based on original research carried out in the period 2010-2013 in the framework of a European project with a specific empirical research strategy. Research was carried out in 20 cities in 10 different European countries.

In der Diskussion des Verhaltnisses von Sozialpolitik und Wirtschaftspolitik gab es immer wieder Kontroversen, insbesondere zur Frage des wirtschaftlichen Werts der Sozialpolitik. Eines aber war bis in die jungste Zeit konstant: die weitgehende Trennung von beiden Politikbereichen als Sektoren mit je eigenen Prioritaten und Wertorientierungen. Inzwischen ist es jedoch in der Sozialpolitik selbstverstandlich geworden, hier auch wirtschaftlichen und wirtschaftspolitischen Erwagungen Raum zu geben. Das betrifft die Frage der wirtschaftlichen Effekte von Reformen der Alterssicherungssysteme ebenso wie die wirtschaftspolitischen Effekte bestimmter Familienpolitiken. Diese Verklammerung sozial- und wirtschaftspolitischer Zugangsweisen hat in jungster Zeit auch in der Diskussion um eine investive Orientierung der Sozialpolitik ihren Ausdruck gefunden. Die Autoren dieses Bandes greifen diese Problematik auf und bundeln dabei die Beitrage zu drei Problembereichen.

Der Begriff des 'Wohlfahrtspluralismus' lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit darauf, dass soziale Wohlfahrt nicht allein durch staatliche Sozialpolitiken bestimmt ist. Beitrage von seiten des Marktes, von Familien, Privathaushalten und informellen sozialen Netzen sowie aus dem zivilgesellschaftlichen Bereich freier Trager und Initiativen spielen bei der Wohlfahrtsproduktion mehr als eine nur untergeordnete Rolle. Damit richtet sich der analytische Blick auf eine Aufhellung der Bedeutung von Institutionen, die jenseits von Staat und Markt, aber doch in enger Verflechtung mit beiden operieren. Der Begriff zielt gleichzeitig auch auf konzeptionelle Fragen einer Sozialpolitik, der es darum zu tun ist, gesellschaftliche und gemeinschaftliche Solidarformen anzuerkennen und zu nutzen. Eine dementsprechende (Um)Verteilung von Aufgaben und Verantwortlichkeiten zwischen staatlichen und gesellschaftlichen Instanzen in neuartigen "welfare mixes" schafft nicht nur Moglichkeiten zur Freisetzung von Synergieeffekten; sie notigt auch dazu, die Frage nach sozial und politisch gerechten Losungen wieder neu zu stellen.
Neben einem ausfuhrlichen Einleitungs- und Uberblicksbeitrag der Herausgeber zum Stand der internationalen Diskussion enthalt der Band eine Reihe analytischer Aufsatze von in- und auslandischen Autoren sowie ein Kapitel mit Beitragen, in dem Chancen und Herausforderungen (z. B. der Stadt- und Sozialplanung, von sozialen Diensten im Bereich von Alten- und Kinderbetreuung u. a. m.) erortert und illustriert werden