This volume focuses on the recent lessons of experience with reform and innovation in higher education that are most relevant to the challenges of developing countries. These lessons are explored in a series of twelve papers which analyze experience and issues in four priority areas. The first examines the relationship between higher education and development in a global environment in which economic growth is expected to be driven increasingly by scientific and technological innovation. To meet this development challenge effectively, systems of higher education will need to have a solid financial basis, and the second priority area is the examination of the options for reform in higher education financing. Yet, as essential as financial reforms, are reforms in management and government. This implies changes in the relationship between the Government and institutions of higher education. The third part examines these evolving relationships and implies that the mechanisms and indicators will need to be developed to more effectively monitor the performance of institutions of higher education. The final section reviews recent trends in this area and the book concludes with a case study of the effects of the implementation of a comprehensive reform in Chile including many of the reform policies advocated, and a proposal of the central options for policy reform and innovation in higher education.

Becoming a middle-income economy is an explicit development goal of many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. This book assesses the implications of that goal for secondary education in Ethiopia. It shows that a rapid expansion of secondary education will be needed to support the country s transition from a low-income economy with substantial subsistence agriculture to a lower-middle-income economy with an increased share of commercial agriculture, as well as growing industrial and service sectors. As Ethiopia moves towards this goal, the demand for a labor force with skills beyond basic literacy and numeracy will increase, which in turn will fuel demand for secondary education. The implications of this demand are significant, as the profile of entrants into secondary education will change from students aspiring to higher education to students with a much more diverse range of aspirations and abilities. At present, the existing secondary curriculum is primarily designed to prepare students for university studies; if it is retained, it will not only fail students, it may also fail the country s aspirations for middle-income status. A flexible curriculum that serves the needs of all students and helps them develop the higher-level skills demanded by employers is critically important. The massive expansion of secondary education needed in Ethiopia will require significant additional resources. The book argues that financing reforms aimed at using existing resources more efficiently and mobilizing more nongovernment resources will be indispensible. Specifically, it advocates launching financing reforms within a broad framework that, among other components, includes governance reforms that implement school-based management, changes in teacher preparation and development, and improved student examinations. Finally, the report emphasizes that the success of secondary reforms will to a large extent depend on the achievements of primary education, particularly in light of low primary learning outcomes and the unfinished agenda of universal primary education. This may be the first book to specifically address how secondary education should be reformed in order to help countries transition from low- to middle-income economies and is intended to help initiate deliberations on this important topic. The primary audience for the book is comprised of policy makers, academicians, development practitioners, the education bureaucracy, and teachers."