This study paper contributes to the growing literature examining the effects emigration has on the labor markets of the sending countries, focusing on Poland for the period 1998-2007. A simple model has been developed that guides empirical specification, providing a clear interpretation for estimates. The data used is unique in that it contains information about household members who are currently living abroad, allowing the development of region specific emigration rates, and the ability to estimate the effect emigration has on wages, using within-region variation. The study provides estimates, using information on labor market shocks in the largest destination countries as instruments. The results show that emigration from Poland was largest for workers with intermediate skill levels and that it is the wages for this skill group that have increased most. It also shows that emigration led to a slight overall increase in wages, yet workers at the low end of the skill distribution did not make gains, but may have experienced slight wage decreases.

This paper contributes to a small but growing literature that studies the effects emigration has on the labour markets of the sending countries, focussing on Poland for the period 1998-2007. The data used is unique, in that it contains information about household members who are currently living abroad, allowing the researchers to develop region specific emigration rates, and to estimate the effect emigration has on wages, using within-region variation.

The phenomenon of grammaticalization - the historical process whereby new grammatical material is created - has attracted a great deal of attention within linguistics. This is an attempt to provide a general account of this phenomenon in terms of a formal theory of syntax. Using Chomsky's Minimalist Program for linguistic theory, Roberts and Roussou show how this approach gives rise to a number of important conceptual and theoretical issues concerning the nature of functional categories and the form of parameters, as well as the relation of both of these to language change. Drawing on examples from a wide range of languages, they construct a general account of grammaticalization with implications for linguistic theory and language acquisition.

The phenomenon of grammaticalization--the historical process whereby new grammatical material is created--has attracted a great deal of attention within linguistics in recent years. This book shows how this approach leads to a number of important conceptual and theoretical issues concerning the nature of functional categories and the form of parameters, as well as the relation of both of these to language change.