From Idiocy to Mental Deficiency is the first book devoted to the social history of people with learning disabilities in Britain. Approaches to learning disabilities have changed dramatically in recent years. The implementation of 'Care in the Community', the campaign for disabled rights and the debate over the education of children with special needs have combined to make this one of the most controversial areas in social policy today.
The nine original research essays collected here cover the social history of learning disability from the Middle Ages through the establishment of the National Health Service. They will not only contribute to a neglected field of social and medical history but also illuminate and inform current debates.
The information presented here will have a profound impact on how professionals in mental health, psychiatric nursing, social work and disabled rights understand learning disability and society's responses to it over the course of history.

Related link: The Society for the Social History of Medicine
eBook available with sample pages: 0203162242

From Idiocy to Mental Deficiency is the first book devoted to the social history of people with learning disabilities in Britain. Approaches to learning disabilities have changed dramatically in recent years. The implementation of 'Care in the Community', the campaign for disabled rights and the debate over the education of children with special needs have combined to make this one of the most controversial areas in social policy today. The nine original research essays collected here cover the social history of learning disability from the Middle Ages through the establishment of the National Health Service. They will not only contribute to a neglected field of social and medical history but also illuminate and inform current debates. The information presented here will have a profound impact on how professionals in mental health, psychiatric nursing, social work and disabled rights understand learning disability and society's responses to it over the course of history.

The role of gender in shaping social policy is one of considerable interest and debate. Current controversy over the nature and funding of the welfare state has reopened historical issues and controversies. This text deals primarily with the century before the creation of the classic welfare state in Britain. It provides an introduction to an historical era which saw a huge expansion in welfare services, both state and voluntary, and during which women emerged as significant consumers and providers of various measures. It also discusses how and why gender was important in shaping modern welfare provision. The contributors address issues which should appeal to students on courses in social policy, gender studies and social history.

The role of "gender" in shaping social policy is one of considerable interest and debate. Current controversy over the nature and funding of the welfare state has reopened historical issues and controversies. This text deals primarily with the century before the creation of the classic welfare state in Britain. It provides an introduction to an historical era which saw a huge expansion in welfare services, both state and voluntary, and during which women emerged as significant "consumers" and "providers" of various measures. It also discusses how and why "gender" was important in shaping modern welfare provision. The contributors address issues which should appeal to students on courses in social policy, gender studies and social history.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book six, the school goes camping and the Naughtiest Girl means to be well-behaved. But horrible Arabella is sleeping in the very same tent and busy stirring up trouble for Elizabeth's best friend, Joan... Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. Book 4: Here's the Naughtiest Girl There's a new boy in Elizabeth's class, who'll do anything to show her up. It's hard for the naughtiest girl to keep her temper when faced with such a challenge ... Book 5: The Naughtiest Girl Keeps a Secret Elizabeth's efforts to put her naughty days behind her are threatened when John trusts her with a secret. She finds herself in more trouble than ever before. Book 6: The Naughtiest Girl Helps a Friend It's hard to be good at camp with Arabella in the same tent. She's causing all sorts of problems for Elizabeth and her best friend Joan. Book 7: The Naughtiest Girl Saves the Day Elizabeth is a suspect when some plants are vandalised. She isn't to blame - and who would want to get her intro trouble? With help, she vows to get to the bottom of the mystery. Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Both cover and inside illustrations were created by Kate Hindley in 2014.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book six, the school goes camping and the Naughtiest Girl means to be well-behaved. But horrible Arabella is sleeping in the very same tent and busy stirring up trouble for Elizabeth's best friend, Joan ... Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Both cover and inside illustrations were created by Kate Hindley in 2014. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

Making a Medical Market begins with the first voluntary hospital in 1720 and ends in 1911 with national health insurance. It looks at different forms of practice--public appointments in hospitals, office under state welfare systems, and private practice. From the 1750s medicine became more commercialized. Doctors were successful in raising demand for their own services but were unsuccessful in restricting competition. Many medical practitioners struggled to make a living by seeing many patients at low fees, so that "five minutes for the patient" is not a new feature of health care.

How did doctors make a living? Making a Medical Living explores the neglected socio-economic history of medical practice, beginning with the first voluntary hospital in 1720 and ending with national health insurance in 1911. It looks at private practice and how this was supplemented by public appointments. In this innovative study, Anne Digby makes use of new archival sources of information to produce a compelling picture of ordinary rather than elite doctors, and of the dynamics of provincial rather than metropolitan practice. From the mid-eighteenth century doctors travelled to see ordinary patients, developed specialisms and expanded institutions. Despite limitations in treatment, doctors raised demand for their services as illuminating case studies of women, children, the poor and the affluent show. But doctors did not limit their own numbers, and were largely unsuccessful in restricting competition from other practitioners, with the significant exception of women. Consequently, many GPs struggled to make a living by seeing numerous patients at low fees. Doctors' entrepreneurial activity thus helped shape English medicine into a distinctive pattern of general and specialist practice, and of public and private health care.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book eight, Elizabeth is desperate to play the piano in the end of school concert. Elizabeth knows Arabella is very good - so she spends every waking minute practising. But exams are looming, and piano practice leaves Elizabeth with no time to revise. Will the Naughtiest Girl have to stay in First Form another year? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. This edition is unillustrated.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. Book 8: Well Done, The Naughtiest Girl Elizabeth is desperate to play the piano in the end of school concert. But Arabella is very good, and so Elizabeth spends every waking minute practising. But what about all the exams? Will the Naughtiest Girl have to stay in First Form another year? Book 9: Naughtiest Girl Wants To Win When new girl and famous young actress Kerry becomes head girl, Elizabeth is convinced that the seniors have been swayed by her acting skills alone. The real Kerry is a nasty piece of work - but how can she prove it? Book 10: Naughtiest Girl Marches On Elizabeth is overjoyed to be appointed monitor again. But one of the second form boys is turning all the other boys against her, starting with a nasty note in her desk. Can she find out who has a grudge against her - and why? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Both cover and inside illustrations were created by Kate Hindley in 2014.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book seven, the school's strawberry plants are vandalised and a lost blazer button at the scene of the crime leads straight to the Naughtiest Girl. It is hers, but how did it get there - and why would anyone want to pin the blame on Elizabeth? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling series, the Naughtiest Girl and her friends make their own rules at their very unusual boarding school. In book nine, Elizabeth is furious when Kerry, new girl and young actress, becomes head girl over the obvious choice, her friend Emma. Elizabeth is convinced that all the seniors have been swayed by Kerry's acting skills. How will Elizabeth prove that the real Kerry is a nasty piece of work without looking like the troublemaker herself? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling series, the Naughtiest Girl and her friends make their own rules at their very unusual boarding school. In book eight, Elizabeth is desperate to play the piano in the end of school concert. Elizabeth knows Arabella is very good - so she spends every waking minute practising. But exams are looming, and piano practice leaves Elizabeth with no time to revise. Will the Naughtiest Girl have to stay in First Form another year? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book ten, Elizabeth is overjoyed to be appointed monitor again. But one of the second form boys is turning all the other boys against her, starting with a nasty note in her desk and ending with a false tip-off about a midnight pillow fight in the boys' dormitory. Can she find out who has a grudge against her - and why? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book five, Elizabeth intends never to be naughty again. But when John entrusts her with his secret, the naughtiest girl finds herself in deeper trouble than ever... Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book seven, the school's strawberry plants are vandalised and a lost blazer button at the scene of the crime leads straight to the Naughtiest Girl. It is hers, but how did it get there - and why would anyone want to pin the blame on Elizabeth? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Both cover and inside illustrations were created by Kate Hindley in 2014. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book five, Elizabeth intends never to be naughty again. But when John entrusts her with his secret, the naughtiest girl finds herself in deeper trouble than ever ... Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Both cover and inside illustrations were created by Kate Hindley in 2014. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

This book offers an innovative engagement with the diverse histories of colonial and indigenous medicines. Engagement with different kinds of colonialism and varied indigenous socio-political cultures has led to a wide range of approaches and increasingly distinct traditions of historical writing about colonial and indigenous modes of healing have emerged in the various regions formerly ruled by different colonial powers. The volume offers a much-needed opportunity to explore new conceptual perspectives and encourages critical reflection on how scholars' research specialisms have influenced their approaches to the history of medicine and healing. The book includes contributions on different geographical regions in Asia, Africa and the Americas and within the varied contexts of Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Dutch and British colonialisms. It deals with issues such as internal colonialism, the plural history of objects, transregional circulation and entanglement, and the historicisation of medical historiography. The chapters in the volume explore the scope for conceptual interaction between authors from diverse disciplines and different regions, highlighting the synergies and thematic commonalities as well as differences and divergences.

In Enid Blyton's bestselling school series Elizabeth Allen is sent away to boarding school and makes up her mind to be the naughtiest pupil there's ever been. In book ten, Elizabeth is overjoyed to be appointed monitor again. But one of the second form boys is turning all the other boys against her, starting with a nasty note in her desk and ending with a false tip-off about a midnight pillow fight in the boys' dormitory. Can she find out who has a grudge against her - and why? Between 1940 and 1952, Enid Blyton wrote four novels about Naughtiest Girl, Elizabeth Allen. Books 5-10 are authorised sequels of the series written by Anne Digby in 1999. Both cover and inside illustrations were created by Kate Hindley in 2014. Bonus material: A rare, complete serial story about a very special school. An interview with Enid Blyton about her school days. Enid Blyton's experiences as a teacher. A timeline of the author's life. Photos from Enid Blyton's younger days.

This is an innovative investigation of pluralism in health care. Using both extensive archival material and oral histories it examines relationships between indigenous healing, missionary medicine, and 'western' biomedicine. The book includes the different regions within South Africa although focusing in most detail on the Cape, the earliest area of white settlement. In a wide-ranging survey the division in medicine between 'western' and indigenous medicine is analysed through an exploration of the evolving practices of healers, missionaries, doctors and nurses. The book considers the extent to which there was a strategic crossing of boundaries in the construction of hybrid practices by these practitioners, and the extent to which patients pursued health by sampling diverse care options. Starting with missionary penetration during the early nineteenth century, the volume outlines interventions by the colonial state in medicine and public health, and the continued resilience of indigenous healing in the face of this. The book ends by relating past to present in scrutinising the legacy of historical structures - including those of the apartheid state - for current health care, and in briefly discussing the huge challenges that the HIV/Aids pandemic poses in impacting on them. The book thus provides an inclusive history of medicine for the 'New' South Africa.

This book focuses on a formative period in the development of modern general practice. The foundations of present-day health care in Britain were created in the century before the National Health Service of 1948, when medicine was transformed in its structure, professional status, economic organization, and therapeutic power. In the first full-length study of general practice for these years, Anne Digby deploys an impressive range of hitherto unused archival material and oral testimony to probe the character of general practitioners careers and practices, and to assess their relationships with local communities, a wider society, and the state. An evolutionary approach is adopted to explain the origins and nature of the many changes in medical practice, and the lives of ordinary doctors. The study also explores the gendered nature of medical practice as reflected in the experience of a golden band of women GPs, and examines the hidden role of the doctors wife in the practice.

This is an innovative investigation of pluralism in health care. Using both extensive archival material and oral histories it examines relationships between indigenous healing, missionary medicine, and 'western' biomedicine. The book includes the different regions within South Africa although focusing in most detail on the Cape, the earliest area of white settlement. In a wide-ranging survey the division in medicine between 'western' and indigenous medicine is analysed through an exploration of the evolving practices of healers, missionaries, doctors and nurses. The book considers the extent to which there was a strategic crossing of boundaries in the construction of hybrid practices by these practitioners, and the extent to which patients pursued health by sampling diverse care options. Starting with missionary penetration during the early nineteenth century, the volume outlines interventions by the colonial state in medicine and public health, and the continued resilience of indigenous healing in the face of this. The book ends by relating past to present in scrutinising the legacy of historical structures - including those of the apartheid state - for current health care, and in briefly discussing the huge challenges that the HIV/Aids pandemic poses in impacting on them. The book thus provides an inclusive history of medicine for the 'New' South Africa.