History has defined Erasmus and Martin Luther as the two most influential thinkers in pre-Reformation Europe. Through their revolutionary words and writings, they shook the very foundations of Western society. But who were these men? One was born a bastard child of a priest and his maid and rose through academia to the high society of the kingly courts of Europe. The other rejected the life his father planned for him as a prestigious lawyer and instead entered a monastery to pursue his own spiritual path. In this remarkable book, author Barth Hoogstraten goes beyond the limitations of dry historical texts to transport the reader into the final days of medieval Europe at one of the most crucial turning points in history. The reader meets many of the most influential men of the time - from popes and kings to great philosophers and corrupt indulgence sellers - while gaining fascinating insight into two of the most brilliant minds in history.

Students and house staff officers are lucky when one of their professors takes the time to discuss with them how he/she tells a bad diagnosis to a new patient. This is how I advise them to handle it: 'Take a chair or sit on the edge of the bed if need be and touch a hand. That will comfort the patient. And don't think for a minute that men do not appreciate that gesture; they do. Unless the patient decides differently, it is better when the spouse, a close member of the family or a friend is present. Remember that after you leave the room, it will be awfully lonely for the patient. Tell the bad news, but immediately hold out a few rays of hope to grasp. And be prepared to answer the questions that will follow, not once but several times because most patients do not remember what you told them. You will be amazed how the well-informed patients accept the worst diagnosis and how grateful they are that you took the time to sit with them. Answer all questions and remember, the informed patient becomes your best patient. And no question is a dumb question.'

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICC. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available 'to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman 1988 IX Preface With a subject as complicated and sensitive as breast cancer, the concept of producing a book which reflects all opinion on the topic is daunting.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman Preface Part I Members of two institutions, the Brompton Hospital in London and the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen, were invited to write on lung cancer, and after reading the manuscripts it was decided that the contents of three pairs of chapters overlapped sufficiently for them to be combined.

History has defined Erasmus and Martin Luther as the two most influential thinkers in pre-Reformation Europe. Through their revolutionary words and writings, they shook the very foundations of Western society. But who were these men? One was born a bastard child of a priest and his maid and rose through academia to the high society of the kingly courts of Europe. The other rejected the life his father planned for him as a prestigious lawyer and instead entered a monastery to pursue his own spiritual path. In this remarkable book, author Barth Hoogstraten goes beyond the limitations of dry historical texts to transport the reader into the final days of medieval Europe at one of the most crucial turning points in history. The reader meets many of the most influential men of the time - from popes and kings to great philosophers and corrupt indulgence sellers - while gaining fascinating insight into two of the most brilliant minds in history.

Students and house staff officers are lucky when one of their professors takes the time to discuss with them how he/she tells a bad diagnosis to a new patient. This is how I advise them to handle it: 'Take a chair or sit on the edge of the bed if need be and touch a hand. That will comfort the patient. And don't think for a minute that men do not appreciate that gesture; they do. Unless the patient decides differently, it is better when the spouse, a close member of the family or a friend is present. Remember that after you leave the room, it will be awfully lonely for the patient. Tell the bad news, but immediately hold out a few rays of hope to grasp. And be prepared to answer the questions that will follow, not once but several times because most patients do not remember what you told them. You will be amazed how the well-informed patients accept the worst diagnosis and how grateful they are that you took the time to sit with them. Answer all questions and remember, the informed patient becomes your best patient. And no question is a dumb question.'

Throughout history, students and artists have been in the forefront of struggles against tyranny. In Nazi-occupied Holland, Protestants, Catholics, Jews, non-believers, and Communists joined these patriots. Together, they fought Nazi efforts to plunder their county, suppress the people, and send more than 100,000 Dutch Jews to concentration camps. In this riveting narrative, author Barth Hoogstraten tells the stories of eleven ordinary citizens- a sculptor, a young female student, a middle-aged housewife, a banker, and a postal worker-who suddenly found themselves fighting for freedom. They were among the 1,671 Dutch men and women who paid the ultimate price for their heroism. Two were later declared national heroes and posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Hoogstraten, a survivor of the Nazi Occupation, provides rich details of the hardships, terrifying suspense, and sacrifice that characterized life during the Dutch resistance. Interspersed in this personal and spellbinding account, The Resistance Fighters captures the moments of humor, simple beauty, and love that persevered even in the darkest of days.