Since 1948, the date of publication of Hormones and Behavior by Dr. Frank Beach, this hybrid area has received a great deal of attention from scientists representing various allied fields. As a result, the data and publications dealing with hormones and be havior have increased geometrically and on an annual basis. More recently, a number of review articles and short volumes dealing with aspects of hormones and behavior have been published. How ever, there seemed to be an overwhelming need for a synopsis of the major topics in a unified and integrated form. Thus, the reason for this edition. In these two volumes, we hope we have presented a critical assessment of the various interrelated areas dealing with hormones and behavior. In some instances, we have minimized the presenta tion of certain aspects of psychoendocrinology. This was a con scious effort since some areas have received competent coverage in other volumes. In other instances, we have presented hitherto seldom mentioned material. For example, we are presenting coverage of the general areas dealing with hormones and behavior in aging and the aging process, mental illness, early experience, motivation, genetics and personality. In some instances, the available data is overabundant; in others, the data is scarce. However, we hope that an evaluation of this situation stimulates further interest and further collaborative research where needed.

In recent years, great interest has been focused on the field of neurobiology. In the last decade, various international and regional meetings, symposia, seminars and workshops have been organized to discuss brain regions such as the hypothalamus, cerebellum, medulla, cortex and hippocampus. A number of books have been published as a consequence of these gatherings. Uniquely and singularly absent from these conclaves has been a truly interdisciplinary discussion of the amygdala. The various chapters of this book represent the formal talks presented at The Advanced Study Institute held at the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, from June 6 to 17, 1971, with funds made available from the Scientific Affairs Committee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the National Science Foundation. The speakers and participants are grateful to these two institutions for being given the opportunity to gather and discuss their respective works that represent years of experi mental and clinical research centering on the amygdala. It is hoped that the experiments discussed in this book will act as a major stimulus to other scientists to initiate complementary and supplementary experiments for the better understanding of the specific role of the amygdala.

This short volume of an apparently double hybrid science deals with major pharmacologic effects on behavior in genetically defined animal and, to a lesser extent, human populations. Thus, a new name, psychopharmacogenetics, was coined to designate its contents. The necessity for such compilation of some of the major data has become increasingly urgent. For some time now, there has been available information dealing with pharmacogenetics and behavior genetics. Recently, with ever-increasing frequency, however, data have been accumulating that deal with the effects of specific drugs on behavior and behavioral responses in animals with known genetic background. Initially, the data were gathered in various species and in a number of strains within given species of animals. With the availability of mutations, inbred strains, segregating strains of various types, recombinant inbred strains and congenic lines, the experimental approach to psychopharmacogenetics has now reached a new peak of sophistication. This volume attempts to present some of the major experiments in this area, along with comprehensive sur vey of the status of a given drug. It is hoped that reading of the information that has been com piled herein will ultimately lead to a stimulus for further research in the areas outlined, as well as make the reader acquainted with new approaches to drug:behavior:genetic research. Basil E. Eleftheriou June, 1975 v CONTENTS Introduction. * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Basil E. Eleftheriou Genes and Drugs as Behavior Modifying Agents.

This short volume contains papers presented at a special symposium, "The Physiology of Aggression and Defeat," during the MAS meetings in Dallas, Texas, in December, 1968. At a time when we need to understand the basic mechan isms underlying various forms of aggression, these papers report progress toward this goal. Although the many social, psychologic and economic causal mechanisms contributing to aggression have been reasonably well-understood for a number of years, the correlated physiological, biochemical, endocrinological and neurochemical changes taking place in an organism that is either the aggressor or the recipient of aggression have not been studied extensively, and the limited available data in the past have often been in con siderable conflict. These eight papers demonstrate that complex interac tions take place among the psychological, social, physio logical, biochemical, endocrinological and neurochemical factors involved in aggression and defeat. The general indications are that while the aggressor learns to survive and adapts readily to the fighting process, the vanquished, if he does not die, maintains an existence highlighted by severe and extensive changes in all physiologic and psycho logic systems. We cannot make sweeping generalizations to the human organism from the results of non-human animal experimentation. Nevertheless, it is well-known that in all animals, including the human, similar basic biochemi cal systems are involved."