Proxy warfare is a growing international phenomenon. Although states have used proxies in armed conflicts for centuries, evolving regional and global security architecture is now forcing states to radically change the way contemporary conflicts are fought. Based on ten case studies, this reassesses exactly how these changing global and systemic factors are shaping the ways in which states use non-state actors as proxies in their armed conflicts. Examining the use of proxy warfare worldwide, focusing on the last decade's conflicts, this volume brings together contributions from scholars of international relations and global security studies in order to explore cases of armed conflict of particular regional and global significance. These include recent developments in the conflict in Israel and Palestine, the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, Central Asia, Syria, Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Brazil and Yemen. By drawing on both theory and practise, it offers a re-evaluation of contemporary understanding of "outsourced warfare", with policy implications for how we understand and negotiate with states using proxy warfare in the future.

A medieval Catalan verse fantasy by Bernat Metge, the most important Catalan writer of the fourteenth century, Written around 1381 by Bernat Metge, the most important Catalan writer of the fourteenth century, the Llibre de Fortuna i Prudencia is a fantasy in verse, drawing on learned sources, principally The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius. Early one morning, Bernat, the protagonist and narrator, decides to alleviate his sorrows by strolling around the harbour of Barcelona. He meets an old man, apparently a beggar, who tricks him into getting into a boat which, despite the absence of sails and oars, conveys him to an island where the goddess Fortuna appears to him. In a heated discussion, Bernat blames her for all his misfortunes. His next meeting is with Prudenciawho is accompanied by seven maidens representing the liberal arts. Prudencia is able to lessen his despair, and exhorts him to trust in providence and renounce material possessions. When she considers him cured, she and the maidens send him sailing back to Barcelona, where he quickly goes home to avoid gossiping townsfolk. Published in association with Editorial Barcino, Barcelona. DAVID BARNETT, whose doctorate is from Queen Mary, University of London, continues to be involved in research on medieval Catalan literature.

Advances in our understanding of the brain and rapid advances in the medical practice of neurology are creating questions and concerns from an ethical and legal perspective. "Ethical and Legal Issues in Neurology" provides a detailed review of various general aspects of neuroethics, and contains chapters dealing with a vast array of specific issues such as the role of religion, the ethics of invasive neuroscience research, and the impact of potential misconduct in neurologic practice. The book focuses particular attention on problems related to palliative care, euthanasia, dementia, and neurogenetic disorders, and concludes with examinations of consciousness, personal identity, and the definition of death.

This volume focuses on practices not only in North America but also in Europe and the developing world. It is a useful resource for all neuroscience and neurology professionals, researchers, students, scholars, practicing clinical neurologists, mental health professionals, and psychiatrists.
A comprehensive introduction and reference on neuroethicsIncludes coverage of how best to understand the ethics and legal aspects of dementia, palliative care, euthanasia and neurogenetic disordersBrings clarity to issues regarding ethics and legal responsibilities in the age of rapidly evolving brain science and related clinical practice

Violence that is motivated by--and justified by--religious ideas, authorities and texts is everywhere around us. Some say that the origins of religion and human violence are inherently connected, and that the explanation for religious violence lies at the heart of the religious imagination itself, others that human violence was there long before religion ever came about, being no more than an unfortunate by-product of human evolution. Reconsidering the question of religion and violence in the biblical heritage is a narrower--but nonetheless essential--endeavour, to which the present volume addresses itself. After an introductory chapter by the editors on religion, violence and the Bible, Ziony Zevit writes on violence in Israelite culture and in the Bible, Tamar Kamionkowski on violence in prophetic literature, Stephen Geller on the prophetic roots of religious violence, David Wright on homicide, talion and vengeance in the Covenant Code, Lawrence Wills on the death of the hero and the violent death of Jesus, Jennifer Wright Knust on sacrifice and sacred text in Justin, and David Frankfurter on vengeance fantasies in the New Testament. Stephen Marini offers concluding reflections on religion and violence under the rubric of conflict, subversion and sacrifice.

Human sex trafficking is believed to the most common form of modern day slavery. The victims of domestic and international sex trafficking are estimated to be in the millions. Most of these victims are female and children. They are enslaved in the commercial sex industry for little or no money. This book will explore human sex trafficking in several nations of origin and destination. This book will explore sex trafficking from the perspective that understanding its causes requires attention to global conditions while responding to it requires attention to local laws, policies and practices. Social service workers will need to understand how and why trafficking victims find it difficult to break free and why many victims will not cooperate with those persons who are attempting to assist them. This book will be useful to anti-trafficking agencies and personnel who wish to further understand the nature and extent of human sex trafficking in the U.S. and in countries of destination for sex trafficking. In addition, this book will be of use to students of human rights and social justice who want to join the effort to abolish human sex trafficking in our lifetime. This book was published as a special issue of Women & Criminal Justice.

This book provides research and analysis on an understudied topic: the LBGTQ+ community as victims and offenders. Most publications focus on LBGTQ+ history and the community's movement towards equality and acceptance in society and in law. A focus on how the criminal justice system victimizes and marginalizes LBGTQ+ persons is needed. Consequently, this work includes chapters on members of the LBGTQ+ community who work in the criminal justice system, forced sexual orientation efforts, transgender legal concerns, LBGTQ+ persons who are arrested and imprisoned, and online dating hate crimes. International scholars provide their individual stories about being gay, bisexual or lesbian and working as a police or correctional officer. Other international contributors explain their research on crime and how the law and criminal justice community does not provide LBGTQ+ persons with protection or support as offenders or victims. This book will of interest to researchers and advanced students of Criminology, Sociology, Law, and Gender Studies. It was originally published as a special issue of the journal Women & Criminal Justice.

Contents:
Part I Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics 1. Introduction 2. Governing Equations 3. Classification of Partial Differential Equations 4. Well Posed Problems 5. Numerical Methods 6. The Finite Difference Method
Part II The Finite Analytic Method 7. Basic Principles 8. The One-Dimensional Case 9. The Two-Dimensional Case 10. The Tree-Dimensional Case 11. Stability of Convergence 12. Hyperbolic PDEs 13. Explicit Finite Analytic Method
Part III 14. Introduction to Grid Generation 15. Elliptic Grid Generation 16. Equations in E and n Coordinates 17. Diagonal Cartesian Method 18. FA Method on Diagonal Cartesian Coordinates
Part IV Computational Considerations 19. Velocity , Pressure and Staggered Grids 20. Non-staggered Grid Methods 21. Boundary Conditions
Applications of the FA Method 22. Turbulent Flows 23. Turbulent Heat Transfer 24. Complex Domain Flows 25. Conjugate Heat Transfer
A The One-Dimensional Case
B The Two-Dimensional Case

Part of a series that offers mainly linguistic and anthropological research and teaching/learning material on a region of great cultural and strategic interest and importance in the post-Soviet era.

Eric Voegelin’s Political Readings fills a critical void by providing an original approach to studying the work of Eric Voegelin, one of the major political philosophers of the twenty-first century. Across six chapters, experts guide the reader from classical to modern times presenting six political philosophers who have had an impact on the life and philosophical production of Eric Voegelin. Philosophers examined include Plato, Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Hobbes, Weber and Kelsen. Through this innovative structure, the chapters collectively illustrate how Voegelin was an exceptional thinker through his engagement with political philosophers both modern and antique. The plurality of unique, academic perspectives and voices enriches our understanding of Voegelin’s own thought while also encouraging a re-think of ancient and modern thinkers, and the transformation and continuity between these. Designed for students and scholars alike, Eric Voegelin’s Political Readings will appeal to all those with an interest in Voegelin as well as readers familiar with classical and modern political philosophers.

This volume is the first to compile the insights of experienced and informed education researchers and practitioners involved in the delivery of university pathway programs. These programs have emerged as effective responses to global, national and local students' needs when transitioning to Higher Education. The book opens with an overview of the main drivers for the development of university pathway programs, and a description of the main characteristics of such programs, as well as of the different types of programs available. It examines topics such as the way in which policy and governance issues at the institutional, state, and federal level affect university pathway programs' financial models, compliance and quality assurance mechanisms as well as program provision. It also looks at how to address issues related to 'non-traditional' background students such as those from lower socioeconomic background, students for whom English is an additional language (EAL), indigenous students, mature age students and humanitarian entrants. The volume showcases thirteen university pathway programs offered in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Qatar, and the United Kingdom. These examples provide valuable insights that will help guide future practice in the field as the programs described effectively foster and support the development of students' academic literacies, study skills and awareness of the socio-cultural norms that are necessary to participate successfully in higher education settings. In reporting the strategies to overcome challenges in the areas of curriculum development and implementation, of equity, inclusion and participation, of cross-sector collaboration and of student welfare, the volume promotes reflection on these issues and, therefore, better equips those education practitioners embarking on the university pathway program journey.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused serious disruptions to the economy and business activities. The COVID-19 crisis has also exposed important weaknesses in business and supply chains. It pointed to specific sectors of the economy, primarily related to services, that suffered the most. On the other hand, it has highlighted the great flexibility of the activities of entrepreneurs in their attempts to fight the crisis. The role of government has also been important in tackling this pandemic crisis to contain the epidemic and adopt activities to help entrepreneurs who were most affected by the crisis. Numerous national aid and recovery packages have been announced to support businesses and workers. At the same time, financial decisions were made at the international level, resulting in the mobilization of huge funds that were intended to support the functioning of enterprises. This book shares observations and conclusions from contemporary research and analyses, as well as from personal experiences in creating and implementing anti-crisis solutions in economies and enterprises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and its entities. It will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of international business, economics, crisis management, and entrepreneurship.

Despite the best efforts of medical ethicists over the past quarter century, the ethical challenges surrounding dying and death in the clinical setting remain largely unresolved, and little sustained attention has been paid to how thinking about death relates to and affects clinical practice. The reality is that people die, and that dying patients are not people for whom nothing can be done. Death in the Clinic provides medical students, residents, and educators a framework within which to explore and address this reality, while existential and philosophical questions about death will recommend the book to chaplains, social workers, palliative care clinicians, nurses, and clinical ethicists. Death in the Clinic fills a gap in contemporary medical education by explicitly addressing the concrete clinical realities about death with which practitioners, patients, and their families continue to wrestle.

Despite the best efforts of medical ethicists over the past quarter century, the ethical challenges surrounding dying and death in the clinical setting remain largely unresolved, and little sustained attention has been paid to how thinking about death relates to and affects clinical practice. The reality is that people die, and that dying patients are not people for whom nothing can be done. Death in the Clinic provides medical students, residents, and educators a framework within which to explore and address this reality, while existential and philosophical questions about death will recommend the book to chaplains, social workers, palliative care clinicians, nurses, and clinical ethicists. Death in the Clinic fills a gap in contemporary medical education by explicitly addressing the concrete clinical realities about death with which practitioners, patients, and their families continue to wrestle.

Presents a provocative look at various syndromes familiar to forensic psychologists, as applied to criminal cases and the pathology of suicide and homicide victims Provides information previously available only in the Spanish-language edition Combines the work of world-renowned experts to look at the criminal, legal, and psychological facets of various diagnoses and case examples Offers insight into the psychological state of suicide victims, considering their state of mind as a "psychological autopsy"

Cooperation between science and business (S2B cooperation) is a very important issue from the points of view of the domestic economy, companies, and universities. This is mainly because such cooperation is a catalyst for faster and reliable development - not only of enterprises, but also of the entire economy. Thanks to S2B cooperation, enterprises can gain and commercialize new and ground-breaking solutions. Universities in turn can give their research a more practical dimension to increase its economic applicability, which helps universities prepare future staff to work in modern enterprises. The aim of this publication is to indicate how cooperation between universities and business can be implemented in an international dimension. It shows the role of modern universities in supporting the development of enterprise and entire economies as well as the role of modern enterprises that use resources located in universities (including knowledge resources). This unique combination has a positive impact on the results and developmental opportunities for each of them. Any potential obtained in this manner is the basis for creating a competitive advantage on the market. This book is devoted to a specific area of cooperation between enterprises and universities and will be of interest to researchers, academics, practitioners, and students in the fields of entrepreneurship, knowledge management, international relations, and higher education.

Eric Voegelin's Political Readings fills a critical void by providing an original approach to studying the work of Eric Voegelin, one of the major political philosophers of the twenty-first century. Across six chapters, experts guide the reader from classical to modern times presenting six political philosophers who have had an impact on the life and philosophical production of Eric Voegelin. Philosophers examined include Plato, Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Hobbes, Weber and Kelsen. Through this innovative structure, the chapters collectively illustrate how Voegelin was an exceptional thinker through his engagement with political philosophers both modern and antique. The plurality of unique, academic perspectives and voices enriches our understanding of Voegelin's own thought while also encouraging a re-think of ancient and modern thinkers, and the transformation and continuity between these. Designed for students and scholars alike, Eric Voegelin's Political Readings will appeal to all those with an interest in Voegelin as well as readers familiar with classical and modern political philosophers.

Proceedings of the November 1994 meeting. The 59 contributions cover glucose recognition, the role for K (ATP) channels, intracellular messengers, modulation of islet release, beta-cell metabolism and Ca2+, beta-cell heterogeneity: building a homogeneous response from a heterogeneous population, ISS

Presents a provocative look at various syndromes familiar to forensic psychologists, as applied to criminal cases and the pathology of suicide and homicide victims Provides information previously available only in the Spanish-language edition Combines the work of world-renowned experts to look at the criminal, legal, and psychological facets of various diagnoses and case examples Offers insight into the psychological state of suicide victims, considering their state of mind as a "psychological autopsy"

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Human sex trafficking is believed to the most common form of modern day slavery. The victims of domestic and international sex trafficking are estimated to be in the millions. Most of these victims are female and children. They are enslaved in the commercial sex industry for little or no money.

This book will explore human sex trafficking in several nations of origin and destination. This book will explore sex trafficking from the perspective that understanding its causes requires attention to global conditions while responding to it requires attention to local laws, policies and practices. Social service workers will need to understand how and why trafficking victims find it difficult to break free and why many victims will not cooperate with those persons who are attempting to assist them.

This book will be useful to anti-trafficking agencies and personnel who wish to further understand the nature and extent of human sex trafficking in the U.S. and in countries of destination for sex trafficking. In addition, this book will be of use to students of human rights and social justice who want to join the effort to abolish human sex trafficking in our lifetime.

This book was published as a special issue of Women & Criminal Justice.

Today we are moving into an information revolution that is every bit as life altering as the previous industrial revolution. Students must now achieve at a higher level academically, while also gaining important technology proficiencies required in work and life. However, by utilizing proven general and adult learning theories in association with educational technology, many of these new learning requirements can be met. This book can be a starting point for educators to begin considering how individualized learning could be done in high school to encourage life-long learning.