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Brian Cull's definitive `Fighters over Malta: Gladiators and
Hurricanes 1940-1942' is a highly detailed account of the gallant
band of RAF and Commonwealth pilots who flew Gladiators and
Hurricanes in defence of Malta between June 1940 and April 1942,
when help in the guise of Spitfires finally arrived. Most of the
Hurricanes which held this tiny outpost of the British Empire in
the heart of Axis-dominated territory had been flown from the decks
of aircraft carriers or from bases in North Africa, while a handful
of fighter pilots arrived by Sunderland flying boats or other
aircraft in transit from the UK via Gibraltar. Many of these pilots
were inexperienced and quickly paid the supreme price, particularly
when the Messerschmitt pilots of the elite 7/JG26 arrived in Sicily
in early 1941, and later in the year when more from JG53 made their
presence felt. A number of important personal diaries and journals
have come to light, and these have been widely quoted to provide
the atmospheric background, the thoughts and the hopes of some of
the Hurricane pilots who defended Malta. Not all of the diarists
survived, but their impressions provide a fitting tribute to their
courage, aspirations and fears. Much of the early period of the air
defence of Malta is enhanced by the personal experiences of Flt Lt
(then Sgt Plt) James Pickering AFC, who flew Hurricanes with 261
Squadron.
Plt Off Oliver Ormrod, better known as 'Sonny' to his RAF
compatriots due to his youthful appearance, was just four days past
his twentieth birthday when he was killed in action after his
Hurricane was shot down. During his brief fighting career at Malta
in February to April 1942, he was credited with only two enemy
aircraft destroyed, although he shared in the destruction of three
others. Ormrod also claimed three 'probables' and at least six
damaged. A total of a dozen successes at a time when the Hurricane
was completely outclassed by Bf 109Fs of JG53, his bravery and
valour were recognised by the award of a DFC. Although extracts
from Ormrod's diary have appeared in various publications over the
years, the editors/authors now offer the complete story of his
brief period of combat in the skies over Malta. He was one of many
young lives lost in the effort to safeguard Malta and he was there
when only Hurricanes were available to combat the Luftwaffe's
onslaught. This is his story...
This volume carries on where FIRST OF THE FEW finished, in the same
style and format. 10 July-the official first day of the Battle of
Britain-witnessed increased aerial activity over the Channel and
along the eastern and southern seaboards of the British coastline.
The main assaults by ever-increasing formations of Luftwaffe
bombers, escorted by Bf109s and Bf110s, were initially aimed at
British merchant shipping convoys plying their trade of coal and
other materials from the north of England to the southern ports.
These attacks by the Germans often met with increasing success
although RAF Spitfires and Hurricanes endeavoured to repel the
Heinkels, Dorniers and Ju88s, frequently with ill-afforded loss in
pilots and aircraft. Within a month the Channel was effectively
closed to British shipping. Only a change in the Luftwaffe's
tactics in mid-August, when the main attack changed to the
attempted destruction of the RAF's southern airfields, allowed
small convoys to resume sneaking through without too greater
hindrance.
Following the Casablanca Conference in January 1943, at which the
Americans refused to back Britain's plan to invade the Dodecanese
Islands in the Aegean, to be followed by an invasion of the Greek
mainland, a weakened British attempt was made with disastrous
results. The Americans wished to concentrate all their forces in
capturing Sicily and then invading southern Italy. In this first
comprehensive account of aerial operations over the Eastern
Mediterranean/Aegean, the first chapter covers the disastrous
Hurricane attack on Crete (Operation Thesis), an attempt to divert
Axis attention from Sicily; subsequent chapters deal with British
landings on the islands of Kos and Leros when Spitfires vainly
attempted to hold the Luftwaffe at bay. Meanwhile, Beaufighters
flying from North Africa and Cyprus roamed over the Aegean
attacking shipping and aerial transports with success but at a
heavy cost, until the Germans withdrew from the Aegean and the
Greek mainland. In addition, specially modified Spitfires are
detailed to combat pressurised high-altitude Ju 87 spy planes used
by the Luftwaffe based on Crete, and the Fleet Air Arm with its
Seafires, Wildcats and Hellcats over the Aegean. Also, the book
includes many first-hand accounts from both British and German
aircrew extracted from official reports and memoirs.
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