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Formal specifications were first used in the description of program
ming languages because of the central role that languages and their
compilers play in causing a machine to perform the computations
required by a programmer. In a relatively short time, specification
notations have found their place in industry and are used for the
description of a wide variety of software and hardware systems. A
formal method - like VDM - must offer a mathematically-based
specification language. On this language rests the other key
element of the formal method: the ability to reason about a
specification. Proofs can be empioyed in reasoning about the
potential behaviour of a system and in the process of showing that
the design satisfies the specification. The existence of a formal
specification is a prerequisite for the use of proofs; but this
prerequisite is not in itself sufficient. Both proofs and programs
are large formal texts. Would-be proofs may therefore contain
errors in the same way as code. During the difficult but inevitable
process of revising specifications and devel opments, ensuring
consistency is a major challenge. It is therefore evident that
another requirement - for the successful use of proof techniques in
the development of systems from formal descriptions - is the
availability of software tools which support the manipu lation of
large bodies of formulae and help the user in the design of the
proofs themselves."
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