The farm ruminant industry, which is at the core of livestock agriculture in Europe and the rest of the world, suffers major economic loss every year due to reproductive dysgenesis. Protozoal diseases cause abortion in ruminants and therefore its diagnosis is vital in improving the health and welfare of farm livestock. This book is a collective effort from international scientists involved in an EU COST Action. Carefully selected methodologies, presented in a simple and practical form, means laboratories can carry their research out with precision.