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In der vorliegenden Schrift werden die wichtigsten V ortriige der
Jahrestagung des Internationalen Arbeitskreises fUr Audiovision in
Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie wiedergegeben, die 1987 in Bay-
reuth stattfand. Mit dieser Jahrestagung beging der Arbeitskreis
sein 10jiihriges Bestehen. Dies veranlaBt zu Bilanz, aber auch zur
Entfaltung neuer Aktivitiiten und zum Ausblick. Es ist
iiberraschend, wie weit Video Eingang gefunden hat in alle
moglichen Bereiche des Berufslebens und der Freizeit. Dies gilt
auch fiir nahezu alle Bereiche der Medizin. Gerade im wichtigsten
und ergiebigsten Bereich, der Psychiatrie und der Psycho logie,
sind aber nach wie vor Vorbehalte unverkennbar. Denn nirgend- wo
sonst sind die Nachteile und die Gefahren des Arbeitens mit Video
so unmittelbar erlebbar wie hier. Bei der Auswahl der Beitrage
wurden Ubersichtsreferate, Origi- nalarbeiten und
Erfahrungsberichte zu vollig verschiedenen The- men
nebeneinandergestellt entsprechend dem Motto des Arbeits- kreises,
alle beteiligten Berufsgruppen zu Wort kommen zu lassen. Auch
freimiitige UnmutsiiuBerungen iiber okonomische, personel- Ie und
technische Insuffizienz sind uns willkommen gewesen. Das Arbeiten
mit Video wird nach wie vor von nicht Wenigen als Au-
Benseitertiitigkeit angesehen, angemessene Arbeitsbedingungen mit
einer verniinftigen personellen und technischen Ausstattung sind
nach wie vor Ausnahmen. Fiir den an Video in Psychiatrie und
Psychotherapie Interessier- ten findet sich wohl eine ungewohnliche
und andernorts nur schwer auffindbare Sammlung von interessanten
Beitriigen. Frau Legner yom Springer-Verlag sei wiederum herzlich
ge- dankt fiir die vorziigliche Zusammenarbeit, Frau Lauterbach
fiir die viele Schreibarbeit, der Kanoldt Arzneimittel GmbH fiir
die groBziigige Unterstiitzung des Buches.
During 1779, armies under the command of American General George
Washington and British General Sir William Clinton were locked in a
strategic stalemate. Washington's Continental forces were deployed
around Middlebrook, in northern New Jersey, while Clinton's forces
defended New York. The entry of the French into the war as American
allies had shifted the strategic initiative and caused the British
government to order Clinton to dispatch significant forces to the
West Indies and southern colonies. The reduction in his available
forces hampered Clinton's efforts to bring Washington to a decisive
engagement. Hoping to lure Washington out of the protection of his
strong defensive positions at Middlebrook, Clinton decided to
launch an attack north from New York to threaten the important
American supply routes that crossed the Hudson River at Kings
Ferry. Clinton's attack was also intended to establish a base of
operations that would allow an attack on the American fortress at
West Point. In late June 1779 Clinton moved men and material into
position for his thrust up the Hudson while Washington cautiously
responded by moving his army north to positions intended to respond
to the British advance. Clinton struck on 3 July 1779, capturing
the strategic Kings Ferry crossing of the Hudson River along with
American forts at Stony Point and Verplank's Point. Rather than
react as Clinton had hoped, Washington remained safely deployed in
the Watchung Mountains. Hoping to entice Washington to leave his
sanctuary, Clinton ordered Major General William Tryon to attack
American supply stockpiles and privateer bases in Connecticut.
Despite burning Fairfield and New Haven, capturing or destroying
large quantities of supplies and ships, Tyron's raid did nothing to
entice Washington to respond. Although he had established a strong
position at Stony Point, Clinton still lacked the resources to
strike further up the Hudson at West Point without exposing New
York City to a sudden attack by the Americans. The delay in the
anticipated return of 5,000 men from the West Indies and expected
reinforcements from England continued to flummox Clinton and after
the return of Tyron's Connecticut raiding party Clinton returned to
New York to consider his options. Washington had not been inactive
throughout the period of the British attacks. Whilst anxious about
maintaining communications between the New England states and the
Middle Colonies across Kings Ferry, and protecting West Point,
Washington also recognized the importance of protecting his
Continental Army. He clearly understood Clinton's desire to engage
the Americans at a disadvantage and was not deceived by Clinton's
attempts to goad him into a precipitous action. At the same time
Washington understood that the loss of Kings Ferry would create
long term logistical problems for his army and that the British
capture of West Point would have catastrophic impacts on American
morale. Soon after the British capture of Stony Point Washington
began to develop an audacious plan to recapture the strongpoint and
restore American fortunes. After organizing an elite force of light
infantry, Washington assigned command to Brigadier General Anthony
Wayne. Washington and Wayne spent several days observing the
British position at Stony Point and collecting intelligence on
British defences. Washington proposed a night time assault and
worked with Wayne to finalize plans for the attack. At midnight on
15 July, 1779 Wayne led 1,300 picked men against the British
defenders of Stony Point. The British force included the 380 men of
the 17th Foot and elements of the Loyal American provincial
regiment and 71st Highlanders as well as Royal Artillery with 15
cannon deployed to defend the hilltop position. Attacking in two
columns with unloaded muskets, the Americans used their bayonets to
overwhelm the British defenders. In little over one hour the
American light infantry captured Stony Point. 63 British defenders
were killed, 61 wounded and 543 captured. American losses were 13
dead and 63 wounded. Wayne, although slightly wounded early in the
assault, demanded to be carried in to the British positions and
early on the morning of 16 July 1779 prepared a brief report for
Washington detailing the American success. With news of the
American victory Washington quickly rode to the fort to
congratulate Wayne and his men. Recognizing that he had neither the
troops nor the resources needed to defend Stony Point against an
expected British counter attack Washington ordered all supplies and
arms to be removed, prisoners marched into captivity and the
fortifications destroyed. Although the British did successfully
reoccupy Stony Point several days later, the Americans trumpeted
their unexpected victory and a chagrined General Clinton concluded
a further offensive up the Hudson River towards West Point would be
pointless.
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