This book explores how policies targeting public research institutions, such as universities, contribute to the appropriation of biotechnology through national innovation systems. Around the world, biotechnology has become a driving force for dramatic change in systems and policies intended to spur innovation. The leading contributors expertly construct a detailed picture of policy approaches that support biotechnology and how such approaches work under different economic and social conditions. They also provide an insight into the role of universities in this process. Researchers, academics, students, policy advisors, decision makers and other professionals involved in the fields of biotechnology, innovation systems, higher education and development will find this book an invaluable resource. Contributors: A. Adamsone-Fiskovica, S.G. Antunes de Souza, I. Bortagaray, T.N. Ca, J.E. Cassiolato, L.V. Chuong, A.M. da Graca Mondjana, B.D. Diyamett, B. Goeransson, B. Gregersen, J. Kristapsons, R. Lindner, A. Lulle, P. Macucule, N.P. Mai, E. Mneney, L.F. Montalvo Arriete, B.L.M. Mwamila, L. Neves, J. Nunez Jover, C.M. Palsson, I. Perez Ones, T.T. Phuong, M.S. Rapini, T. Reiss, C.M. Ribeiro, G. Sagieva, U. Schmoch, J. Sutz, E. Tjunina, L. Van Chuong, H. Wang, Z. Yuan, G.F. Zucoloto