The first comprehensive study of judicial remedies in international law, this book begins with a close examination of the early development of judicial remedies through the varied practice of international arbitral tribunals. Gray then goes on to evaluate the significance of the contributions made by the Permanent Court of International Justice, its successor the International Court of Justice, and specialized tribunals such as the European and American courts of human rights and the United Nations administrative tribunal. The author finally considers whether recent international commercial arbitration offers a new approach to the question of judicial remedies.