This book offers a first course in analysis for scientists and engineers. It can be used at the advanced undergraduate level or as part of the curriculum in a graduate program. The book is built around metric spaces. In the first three chapters, the authors lay the foundational material and cover the all-important "four-C's": convergence, completeness, compactness, and continuity. In subsequent chapters, the basic tools of analysis are used to give brief introductions to differential and integral equations, convex analysis, and measure theory. The treatment is modern and aesthetically pleasing. It lays the groundwork for the needs of classical fields as well as the important new fields of optimization and probability theory.

This volume consists of about half of the papers presented during a three-day seminar on stochastic processes held at Northwestern University in April 1981. The aim of the seminar was to bring together a small group of kindred spirits working on stochastic processes and to provide an informal atmosphere for them to discuss their current work. We plan to hold such a seminar once a year, with slight variations in emphasis to reflect the changing concerns and interests within the field. The invited participants in this year's seminar were J. AZEMA, R.M. BLUMENTHAL, R. CARMONA, K.L. CHUNG, R.K. GETOOR, J. JACOD, F. KNIGHT, S.OREY, A.O. PITTENGER, J. PITMAN, P. PROTTER, M.K. RAO, M. SHARPE, and J. WALSH. We thank them and other participants for the productive liveliness of the seminar. As mentioned above, the present volume is only a fragment of the work discussed at the seminar, the other papers having been already committed to otherpublications. The seminar was made possible through the enlightened support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. 80-0252. We are grateful to them as well as the publisher, Birkhauser Boston, for their support and encouragement.

The 1992 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the Univer sity of Washington from March 26 to March 28, 1992. This was the twelfth in a series of annual meetings which provide researchers with the opportunity to discuss current work on stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Princeton University, University of Florida, University of Virginia, University of California, San Diego, University of British Columbia and University of California, Los An geles. Following the successful format of previous years, there were five invited lectures, delivered by R. Adler, R. Banuelos, J. Pitman, S. J. Taylor and R. Williams, with the remainder of the time being devoted to informal communications and workshops on current work and problems. The enthusiasm and interest of the participants cre ated a lively and stimulating atmosphere for the seminar. A sample of the research discussed there is contained in this volume. The 1992 Seminar was made possible through the support of the National Science Foundation, the National Security Agency, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the University of Washing ton. We extend our thanks to them and to the publisher Birkhauser Boston for their support and encouragement. Richard F. Bass Krzysztof Burdzy Seattle, 1992 SUPERPROCESS LOCAL AND INTERSECTION LOCAL TIMES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING PARTICLE PICTURES Robert J."

The 1991 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the University of California, Los Angeles, from March 23 through March 25, 1991. This was the eleventh in a series of annual meetings which provide researchers with the opportunity to discuss current work on stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Princeton University, the University of Florida, the University of Virginia, the University of California, San Diego, and the University of British Columbia. Following the successful format of previous years there were five invited lectures. These were given by M. Barlow, G. Lawler, P. March, D. Stroock, M. Talagrand. The enthusiasm and interest of the participants created a lively and stimulating atmosphere for the seminar. Some of the topics discussed are represented by the articles in this volume. P. J. Fitzsimmons T. M. Liggett S. C. Port Los Angeles, 1991 In Memory of Steven Orey M. CRANSTON The mathematical community has lost a cherished colleague with the passing of Steven Orey. This unique and thoughtful man has left those who knew him with many pleasant memories. He has also left us with important contributions in the development of the theory of Markov processes. As a friend and former student, I wish to take this chance to recall to those who know and introduce to those who do not a portion of his lifework.

The 1988 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the University of Florida, Gainesville, March 3 through March 5, 1988. It was the eighth seminar in a continuing series of meetings which provide opportunities for researchers to discuss current work in stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Princeton University, Northwestern University, the University of Florida and the University of Virginia. The participants' enthusiasm and interest have created stimulating and successful seminars. We thank those participants who have permitted us to publish their research in this volume. This year's invited participants included B. Atkinson, J. Azema, D. Bakry, P. Baxendale, J. Brooks, G. Brosamler, K. Burdzy, E. Cinlar, R. Darling, N. Dinculeanu, E. Dynkin, S. Evans, N. Falkner, P. Fitzsimmons, R. Getoor, J. Glover, V. Goodman, P. Hsu, J.-F. Le Gall, M. Liao, P. March, P. McGill, J. Mitro, T. Mountford, C. Mueller, A. Mukherjea, V. Papanicolaou, E. Perkins, M. Pinsky, L. Pitt, A. O. Pittenger, Z. Pop-Stojanovic, M. Rao, J. Rosen, T. Salisbury, C. Shih, M. Taksar, J. Taylor, S. J. Taylor, E. Toby, R. Williams, Wu Rong, and Z. Zhao. The seminar was made possible through the generous support of the Department of Mathematics, the Center for Applied Mathematics, the Division of Sponsored Research and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences of the University of Florida. We extend our thanks for local arrangements to our host, Zoran Pop-Stojanovic. 1. G.

This text is an introduction to the modern theory and applications of probability and stochastics. The style and coverage is geared towards the theory of stochastic processes, but with some attention to the applications. In many instances the gist of the problem is introduced in practical, everyday language and then is made precise in mathematical form.

The first four chapters are on probability theory: measure and integration, probability spaces, conditional expectations, and the classical limit theorems. There follows chapters on martingales, Poisson random measures, Levy Processes, Brownian motion, and Markov Processes.

Special attention is paid to Poisson random measures and their roles in regulating the excursions of Brownian motion and the jumps of Levy and Markov processes. Each chapter has a large number of varied examples and exercises.

The bookis based on the author's lecture notes in courses offered over the years at Princeton University. These courses attracted graduate students from engineering, economics, physics, computer sciences, and mathematics.

Erhan Cinlar has received many awards for excellence in teaching, including the President's Award for Distinguished Teaching at Princeton University. His research interests include theories of Markov processes, point processes, stochastic calculus, and stochastic flows. The book is full of insights and observations that only a lifetime researcher in probability can have, all told in a lucid yet precise style."

This book offers a first course in analysis for scientists and engineers. It can be used at the advanced undergraduate level or as part of the curriculum in a graduate program. The book is built around metric spaces. In the first three chapters, the authors lay the foundational material and cover the all-important "four-C's": convergence, completeness, compactness, and continuity. In subsequent chapters, the basic tools of analysis are used to give brief introductions to differential and integral equations, convex analysis, and measure theory. The treatment is modern and aesthetically pleasing. It lays the groundwork for the needs of classical fields as well as the important new fields of optimization and probability theory.

The 1985 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the University of Florida, Gainesville, in March. It was the fifth seminar in a continuing series of meetings which provide opportunities for researchers to discuss current work in stochastic processes in an informal atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Evanston and the University of Florida, Gainesville. The participants' enthusiasm and interest have resulted in stimulating and successful seminars. We thank them for it, and we also thank those participants who have permitted us to publish their research here. The seminar was made possible through the generous supports of the Division of Sponsored Research and the Department of Mathematics of the university of Florida, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. 82- 0189. We are grateful for their support. Finally, the comfort and hospitality we enjoyed in Gainesville were due to the splendid efforts of Professor Zoran Pop-Stojanovic. J. G.

The 1991 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the University of California, Los Angeles, from March 23 through March 25, 1991. This was the eleventh in a series of annual meetings which provide researchers with the opportunity to discuss current work on stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Princeton University, the University of Florida, the University of Virginia, the University of California, San Diego, and the University of British Columbia. Following the successful format of previous years there were five invited lectures. These were given by M. Barlow, G. Lawler, P. March, D. Stroock, M. Talagrand. The enthusiasm and interest of the participants created a lively and stimulating atmosphere for the seminar. Some of the topics discussed are represented by the articles in this volume. P. J. Fitzsimmons T. M. Liggett S. C. Port Los Angeles, 1991 In Memory of Steven Orey M. CRANSTON The mathematical community has lost a cherished colleague with the passing of Steven Orey. This unique and thoughtful man has left those who knew him with many pleasant memories. He has also left us with important contributions in the development of the theory of Markov processes. As a friend and former student, I wish to take this chance to recall to those who know and introduce to those who do not a portion of his lifework.

This volume consists of about half of the papers presented during a three-day seminar on stochastic processes. The seminar was the third of such yearly seminars aimed at bringing together a small group of researchers to discuss their current work in an informal atmosphere. The previous two seminars were held at Northwesterr. University, Evanston. This one was held at the University of Florida, Gainesville. The invited participants in the seminar were B. ATKINSON, K.L. CHUNG, C. DELLACHERIE, J.L. DOOB, E.B. DYNKIN, N. FALKNER, R.K. GETOOR, J. GLOVER, T. JEULIN, H. KASPI, T. McCONNELL, J. MITRO, E. PERKINS, Z. POP-STOJANOVIC, M. RAO, L.C.G. ROGERS, P. SALMINEN, M.J. SHARPE, S.R.S. VARADHAN, and J. WALSH. We thank them and the other participants for the lively atmosphere they have created. The seminar was made possible through the generous supports of the University of Florida, Department of Mathematics, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. 82-0189, to Northwestern University. We are grateful for their support. Finally, we thank Professors Zoran POP-STOJANOVIC and Murali RAO for their time, effort, and kind hospitality in the organization of the seminar and during our stay in Gainesville.

This volume consists of about half of the papers presented during a three-day seminar on stochastic processes held at Northwestern U- versity, Evanston. The seminar was the fourth of such yearly seminars aimed at bringing together a small group of researchers to discuss their current work in an informal atmosphere. The invited participants in the seminar were B.W. ATKINSON, R.M. BLUMENTHAL, K. BURDZY, D. BURKHOLDER, M. CRANSTON, C. DOLEANS"'DADE, J.L. DOOB, N. FALKNER, P. FITZSIMMONS, J. GLOVER, F. KNIGHT, T. McCONNELL, J.B. MITRO, S. OREY, J. PITMAN, A.O. PITTENGER, Z. POP- STOJANOVIC, P. PROTTER, T. SALISBURY, M. SHARPE, C.T. SHIH, A. SZNITMAN, S.J. TAYLOR, J. WALSH, and R. WILLIAMS. We thank them and the other partiCipants for the lively seminar they created. The seminar was made possible through the partial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research via their Grant No. 82-0109 to Northwestern University. E.

The 1986 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in March. It was the sixth seminar in a continuing series of meetings which provide opportunities for researchers to discuss current work in stochastic processes in an informal atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Evanston and the University of Florida, Gainesville. The participants' enthusiasm and interest have resulted in stimulating and successful seminars. We thank them for it, and we also thank those participants who have permitted us to publish their research here. The seminar was made possible through the generous support of the Office of Naval Research (Contract # A86-4633-P) and the University of Virginia. We are grateful for their support. The participants were welcomed to Virginia by S. J. Taylor, whose store of energy and organizing talent resulted in a wonderful reunion of researchers. We extend to him our warmest appreciation for his efforts; his hospitality makes us hope that we can someday return to Virginia for another conference. J. ~. ~aineauille, ISBn TABLE OF CONTENTS K. L. CHUNG Green's Function for a Ball 1 P. J. FITZSIMMONS On the Identification of Markov Processes by the Distribution of Hitting Times 15 P. FITZSIMMONS On Two Results in the Potential Theory of J.

The 1988 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the University of Florida, Gainesville, March 3 through March 5, 1988. It was the eighth seminar in a continuing series of meetings which provide opportunities for researchers to discuss current work in stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Princeton University, Northwestern University, the University of Florida and the University of Virginia. The participants' enthusiasm and interest have created stimulating and successful seminars. We thank those participants who have permitted us to publish their research in this volume. This year's invited participants included B. Atkinson, J. Azema, D. Bakry, P. Baxendale, J. Brooks, G. Brosamler, K. Burdzy, E. Cinlar, R. Darling, N. Dinculeanu, E. Dynkin, S. Evans, N. Falkner, P. Fitzsimmons, R. Getoor, J. Glover, V. Goodman, P. Hsu, J.-F. Le Gall, M. Liao, P. March, P. McGill, J. Mitro, T. Mountford, C. Mueller, A. Mukherjea, V. Papanicolaou, E. Perkins, M. Pinsky, L. Pitt, A. O. Pittenger, Z. Pop-Stojanovic, M. Rao, J. Rosen, T. Salisbury, C. Shih, M. Taksar, J. Taylor, S. J. Taylor, E. Toby, R. Williams, Wu Rong, and Z. Zhao. The seminar was made possible through the generous support of the Department of Mathematics, the Center for Applied Mathematics, the Division of Sponsored Research and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences of the University of Florida. We extend our thanks for local arrangements to our host, Zoran Pop-Stojanovic. 1. G.

The 1987 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at Princeton University, March 26 through March 28, 1987. It was the seventh seminar in a continuing series of meetings which provide opportunities for researchers to discuss current work in stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Evanston; University of Florida, Gainesville: and University of Virginia, Charlottesville. The success of these seminars has been due to the interest and enthusiasm of probabilists in the United States and abroad. Many of the participants have allowed us to pUblish the results of their re search in this volume. The editors hope that the reader will be able to sense some of the excitement present in the seminar by reading these articles. This year's invited participants included M. Aizenman, B. Atkinson, R. M. Blumenthal, C. Burdzy, D. Burkholder, R. Carmona, K. L. Chung, M. Cranston, C. Dellacherie, J. D. Deuschel, N. Dinculeanu, Gundy, P. Hsu, E. B. Dynkin, P. Fitzsimmons, R. K. Getoor, J. Glover, R. G. Hunt, H. Kaspi, Knight, G. Lawler, P. March, P. A. Meyer, A. F. J. Mitro, J. Neveu, E. Pardoux, M. Pinsky, L. Pitt, A. O. Pittenger, Z. Pop-Stojanovic, P. Protter, M. Rao, T. Salisbury, M. J. Sharpe, S. J. Taylor, E. Toby, S. R. S. Varadhan, R. Williams, M. Weber, and Z. Zhao."

The1989SeminaronStochasticProcesseswasheldattheUniversityof CaliforniaatSanDiegoonMarch30,31andApril1, Hl89. Thiswastheninth inanannualseriesofmeetingswhichprovideresearcherswiththeopportunity todiscusscurrentworkonstochasticprocessesinaninformalandenjoyableat mosphere. PreviousseminarswereheldatPrincetonUniversity, Northwestern University, theUniversityofFloridaandtheUniversityofVirginia. Theseminar hasgrownovertheyears, withatotalofseventy-fiveparticipantsin1989. Fol lowingthesuccessfulformatofpreviousyears, therewerefiveinvitedlectures, deliveredby K. L. Chung, D. Dawson, R. Durrett, N. IkedaandT. Lyons, with theremainderoftimebeingdevotedtostructured, butlessformal, discussionson currentworkandproblems. Severalsmallergroupsalsoheldworkshopsessions onspecifictopicssuchas: mper-processes, diffusionsonfractalsandHarnack inequalities. Theparticipant. s'interestandenthusiasmcreatedalivelyandstim ulatingcnvironmentfortheseminar. Asampleoftheresearchdiscussedthereis containedinthisvolume. Thc1989SeminarwasmadepossiblebythesupportoftheNationalScience Foundation, theNationalSecurityAgencyandtheUniversityofCaliforniaatSan Diego. \Yeextendourthankstothem, andtothepublishcrBirkhauserBoston, fortheirsupportandencouragemcnt. Finally, thanksgotoLynn\, yilliamsforher cheerfulassistancewiththeseminarorganizationandproductionofthisvolume. P. J. Fitzsimmons R. J. Williams LaJolla,1989 LISTOFPARTICIPANTS P. Arzberger M. Emery E. Perkins J. Pitman B. Atkinson S. N. Evans L. Pitt J. Azema N. Falkner M. Bachman P. Fitzsimmons A. O. Pittenger Z. Pop-Stojanovic M. Barlow R. K. Getoor R. Bass J. Glover S. Port C. Bezuidenhout H. Heyer P. Protter R. Blumenthal K. Hoffmann K. M. Rao G. Brosamler J. Horowitz J. Rosen C. Burdzy P. Hsu T. Salisbury D. Burkholder N. Ikeda M. J. Sharpe H. Cai O. Kallenberg C. T. Shih R. Carmona F. Knight A. Sznitman W. Chen-Masters Y. Kwon M. Taksar K. L. Chung T. Kurtz L. Taylor E. Cinlar T. Liggett S. J. Taylor M. Cranston T. Lyons G. Terdik R. Dalang P. March E. Toby R. DanteDeBlassie M. Marcus R. Tribe R. Darling P. McGill J. Walsh D. Dawson T. Mountford J. Watkins J. Deuschel B. Oksendal S. Weinryb N. Dinculeanu V. Papanicolaou R. Williams R. Durrett R. Pemantle Z. Zhao E. B. Dynkin M. Penrose W. Zheng TABLEOFCONTENTS R. F. BASS Aprobabilisticproofoftheboundary 1 and K. BURDZY Harnackprinciple J. -D. DEUSCHEL LogarithmicSobolevinequalitiesof 17 symmetricdiffusions S. N. EVANS RescalingthevacancyofaBoolean coverageprocess 23 TheBlumenthal-Getoor-McKean P. J. FITZSIMMONS, R. K. GETOOR Theoremrevisited 35 andM. J. SHARPE P. J. FITZSIMMONS Localtimes, occupationtimes, andthe Lebesguemeasureoftherangeofa an

This is the third volume in the Paris-Princeton Lectures in Financial Mathematics, which publishes, on an annual basis, cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding specialists, both established and upcoming. Coverage includes articles by Ren Carmona, Ivar Ekeland/Erik Taflin, Arturo Kohatsu-Higa, Pierre-Louis Lions/Jean-Michel Lasry, and Huy n Pham.

The Paris-Princeton Lectures in Financial Mathematics, of which this is the second volume, will, on an annual basis, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding - established or upcoming! - specialists. The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference for research in the field. It arises as a result of frequent exchanges between the finance and financial mathematics groups in Paris and Princeton. This volume presents the following articles: "Hedging of Defaultable Claims" by T. Bielecki, M. Jeanblanc, and M. Rutkowski; "On the Geometry of Interest Rate Models" by T. Bj rk; "Heterogeneous Beliefs, Speculation and Trading in Financial Markets" by J.A. Scheinkman, and W. Xiong.

The Paris-Princeton Lectures in Financial Mathematics, of which this is the first volume, will, on an annual basis, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding - established or upcoming! - specialists. The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference for research in the field. It arises as a result of frequent exchanges between the finance and financial mathematics groups in Paris and Princeton. The present volume sets standards with articles by P. Bank/H. Föllmer, F. Baudoin, L.C.G. Rogers, and M. Soner/N. Touzi.

The 1990 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the University of British Columbia from May 10 through May 12, 1990. This was the tenth in a series of annual meetings which provide researchers with the opportunity to discuss current work on stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Princeton University, the Univer sity of Florida, the University of Virginia and the University of California, San Diego. Following the successful format of previous years, there were five invited lectures, delivered by M. Marcus, M. Vor, D. Nualart, M. Freidlin and L. C. G. Rogers, with the remainder of the time being devoted to informal communications and workshops on current work and problems. The enthusiasm and interest of the participants created a lively and stimulating atmosphere for the seminar. A sample of the research discussed there is contained in this volume. The 1990 Seminar was made possible by the support of the Natural Sciences and Engin ring Research Council of Canada, the Southwest University Mathematics Society of British Columbia, and the University of British Columbia. To these entities and the organizers of this year's conference, Ed Perkins and John Walsh, we extend oul' thanks. Finally, we acknowledge the support and assistance of the staff at Birkhauser Boston."

This volume consists of about half of the papers presented during a three-day seminar on stochastic processes held at Northwestern University in March 1982. This was the second of such yearly seminars aimed at bringing together a small group of researchers to discuss their current work in an informal atmosphere. The invited participants in this year's seminar were B. ATKINSON, R. BASS, K. BICHTELER, D. BURKHOLDER, K.L. CHUNG, J.L. DOOB, C. DOLEANS-DADE, H. FOLLMER, R.K. GETOOR, J. GLOVER, J. MITRO, D. MONRAD, E. PERKINS, J. PITMAN, Z. POP-STOJANOVIC, M.J. SHARPE, and J. WALSH. We thank them and the other participants for the lively atmosphere of the seminar. As mentioned above, the present volume is only a fragment of the work discussed at the seminar, the other work having been committed to other publications. The seminar was made possible through the enlightened support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. 80-0252A. We are grateful to them as well as the publisher, Birkhauser, Boston, for their support and encouragement. E.C. , Evanston, 1983 Seminar on stochastic Processes, 1982 Birkhauser, Boston, 1983 GERM FIELDS AND A CONVERSE TO THE STRONG MARKOV PROPERTY by BRUCE W. ATKINSON 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to give an intrinsic characterization of optional (i.e., stopping) times for the general germ Markov process, which includes the general right process as a special case. We proceed from the general to the specific.

The Paris-Princeton Lectures in Financial Mathematics, of which this is the fourth volume, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from outstanding specialists - established or on the rise! The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference source for research in the field. The articles are the result of frequent exchanges between the finance and financial mathematics groups in Paris and Princeton. The present volume sets standards with five articles by: 1. Areski Cousin, Monique Jeanblanc and Jean-Paul Laurent, 2. St phane Cr pey, 3. Olivier Gu ant, Jean-Michel Lasry and Pierre-Louis Lions, 4. David Hobson and 5. Peter Tankov.

The 1992 Seminar on Stochastic Processes was held at the Univer sity of Washington from March 26 to March 28, 1992. This was the twelfth in a series of annual meetings which provide researchers with the opportunity to discuss current work on stochastic processes in an informal and enjoyable atmosphere. Previous seminars were held at Northwestern University, Princeton University, University of Florida, University of Virginia, University of California, San Diego, University of British Columbia and University of California, Los An geles. Following the successful format of previous years, there were five invited lectures, delivered by R. Adler, R. Banuelos, J. Pitman, S. J. Taylor and R. Williams, with the remainder of the time being devoted to informal communications and workshops on current work and problems. The enthusiasm and interest of the participants cre ated a lively and stimulating atmosphere for the seminar. A sample of the research discussed there is contained in this volume. The 1992 Seminar was made possible through the support of the National Science Foundation, the National Security Agency, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the University of Washing ton. We extend our thanks to them and to the publisher Birkhauser Boston for their support and encouragement. Richard F. Bass Krzysztof Burdzy Seattle, 1992 SUPERPROCESS LOCAL AND INTERSECTION LOCAL TIMES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING PARTICLE PICTURES Robert J."

A clear presentation of the most fundamental stochastic processes, this book covers topics such as probability spaces and random variables, expectations and independence, Bernoulli processes and sums of independent random variables, Poisson processes, Markov chains and processes, and renewal theory.