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This book challenges what are, for many people, deep-rooted
expectations regarding the routine arming of police and compares
jurisdictions in which police are routinely armed (Toronto, Canada
and Brisbane, Australia) and those where police are not routinely
armed (Manchester, England and Auckland, New Zealand). With a focus
on Western jurisdictions and by examining a range of documentary,
media and data sources, this book provides an evidence-based
examination of the question: Do police really need guns? This book
first provides detailed insight into the armed policing tradition
and perceptions/expectations with respect to police and firearms. A
range of theoretical concepts regarding policing, state power and
the use of force is applied to an examination of what makes the
police powerful. This is set against the minimum force tradition,
which is typified by policing in England and Wales. Consideration
is also given to the role played by key tropes and constructs of
popular culture. Drawing on Surette's model of symbolic reality,
the book considers contrasting media traditions and the positioning
of firearms within narrative arcs, especially the role of heroes.
The book concludes by drawing together the key themes and findings,
and considering the viability of retaining and/or moving towards
non-routinely armed police.
This book uses an Australian case study to shine a much-needed
spotlight on discretionary police powers to punish, and their
implications for justice and human rights. It offers a revealing
analysis of the problematic rationales that secured the legislative
passage of banning notice provisions through the State Parliament
of Victoria, Australia in 2007, which occurred amidst similar
developments in other jurisdictions across the world: in the UK,
New Labour's "tough on crime" initiative in the 1990s, responses to
the post 9/11 terror threat, and more recent lockout laws in
Sydney, Australia. The Victorian case study offers a range of
datasets including Hansard parliamentary debates, Victoria Police
data, media coverage and interviews with magistrates. This material
provides critical insights into the broader consequences of
discretionary police powers, including their effect upon the
separation of powers, individual rights, and the steady and largely
unchecked proliferation of discretionary police powers across most
Australian jurisdictions. On the tenth anniversary of these first
Victorian on-the-spot banning powers, this Brief provides a sound
basis for subsequent criminological explorations of the
effectiveness of banning in tackling issues of disorder, deterrence
and punishment, and of the broader challenge of balancing
individual rights and community protection.
Policing and firearms: it is a crucial relationship. Should police
be routinely armed? If so, what restrictions should be imposed on
the use of firearms? Where police are not routinely armed, there is
still a need for specialist armed police: how do these units
operate, and are they effective? This ground-breaking edited book
explores the nexus between policing and firearms with a genuinely
international focus. Contributors from Ireland, Germany, the United
Kingdom, Brazil, Mexico, the United States, Venezuela, New Zealand,
Australia, and Canada explore the issues from a range of
perspectives, including human rights, militarization, police
legitimacy, and the risks police firearms pose to the community and
to police themselves. This thought-provoking collection is an
indispensable resource for law enforcement policymakers and
students of policing and criminal justice.
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